با همکاری انجمن اقتصاد کشاورزی ایران

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی به زبان انگلیسی

نویسندگان

گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران، البرز، ایران

چکیده

صادرات محصولات کشاورزی یکی از راهبردهای توسعه صادرات غیرنفتی و رشد پایدار اقتصادی در کشورهای در حال توسعه به شمار می‌آید. زعفران به‌عنوان یک محصول صادراتی دارای اهمیت ویژه‌ای در صادرات غیرنفتی ایران است. از آنجا‌که ایران در صادرات زعفران در بین چهار کشور برتر جهان قرار دارد، هدف این مطالعه اولویت‌بندی بازارهای هدف زعفران ایران بر اساس شاخص‌های رقابت بازاری و محاسبه مزیت‌نسبی و شاخص پایداری صادرات آن در جهان و کشورهای هدف صادراتی ایران می‌باشد. مقایسه ساختار بازار جهانی محصول طی دوره 2003-2022 نشان داد که با وجود سهم بالای کشورهای ایران، اسپانیا، انگلیس و نیجریه در بیشتر سال‌ها، ساختار بازار به شکل انحصار چند جانبه باز و بسته و در برخی سال‌ها بنگاه مسلط بوده است که بیانگر افزایش تعداد رقبا و رقابتی شدن بازار صادراتی این محصول است. ایران با متوسط سهم 6/13 درصدی در بازار صادرات زعفران و تولید بیش از 80 درصد زعفران، به‌طور مستقیم سهمی در صادرات جهانی نداشته و بیشتر زعفران ایران به کشورهایی مانند امارات، اسپانیا، چین و عمان صادر می‌شود و از آنجا مجددا به سایر کشورها صادر ‌می‌گردد که لازم است برای این منظور استراتژی‌هایی مانند توسعه بازار و برندسازی در اولویت قرار داده شود. نتایج نشان داد در سال 2022 چهار کشور نیجریه، سریلانکا، ایران و اسپانیا 93 درصد از کل صادرات جهان را به خود اختصاص داده‌اند و میانگین رتبه مقدار صادرات برای کشور ایران در دوره مورد مطالعه در بازار صادراتی زعفران رتبه 2 را به خود اختصاص داده است. همچنین ایران با شاخص پایداری صادرات کمتر از یک (96/0) صادرات پایداری داشته است اما روند تغییر این شاخص بیانگر کاهش پایداری ایران است. نتایج نشان داد که عمده صادرات زعفران ایران تنها به چهار کشور صورت می‌پذیرد و ترکیب این کشورها نیز ثابت نیست، لذا توجه به گسترش بازارهای هدف صادراتی به‌ترتیب با اولویت کشورهای چین، امارات، اسپانیا، هند، آمریکا، آلمان، فرانسه، ایتالیا، سوئد و کویت به‌ترتیب با میانگین رتبه 15/4، 85/6، 7/7، 95/7، 9/8، 3/12، 35/14، 25/15، 5/15 و 45/16مورد توجه قرار گیرد. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که بازار صادراتی این محصول انحصار چندجانبه بوده است، بنابراین باید از طریق مشارکت تمامی کشورهای صادرکننده به تعیین قیمت و سهم بازار هر یک از کشورها اقدام نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Prioritizing Iran's Saffron Target Markets Based on Market Competition Indices

نویسندگان [English]

  • M. Majidian
  • A. Dourandish

Department of Agricultural Economics, College of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

چکیده [English]

Exporting agricultural products is considered as one of the strategies for developing non-oil exports and achieving sustainable economic growth in developing countries. Saffron, as an export commodity, holds particular significance in Iran's non-oil exports. Given Iran's position among the top four saffron-exporting countries globally, this study aims to prioritize Iran's saffron target markets based on market competition indices and calculate its relative advantage and export stability index in the world market and Iran's export target countries. Comparison of the global market structure of the product during 2003 to 2022 revealed that despite the significant shares of Iran, Spain, England, and Nigeria in most years, the market structure has been characterized by a multi-sided monopoly, open and closed, and in some years dominated by oligopoly, indicating an increase in the number of competitors and the competitiveness of the export market for this product. Iran, with an average share of 13.6% in the saffron export market and producing over 80% of saffron, does not have a direct share in global exports, and most of Iran's saffron is exported to countries such as the UAE, Spain, China, and Oman, and then re-exported to other countries, for which strategies such as market expansion and branding need to be prioritized. The results showed that in 2022, four countries, Nigeria, Sri Lanka, Iran, and Spain, accounted for 93% of the total world exports, and Iran ranked second in terms of export volume in the saffron export market during the study period. Also, Iran had an export stability index of less than one (0.96) but the trend of this index indicates a decrease in Iran's stability. The results showed that the majority of Iran's saffron exports are concentrated in only four countries, with the composition of these countries varying over time. To enhance market stability and growth, it is crucial to expand the target export markets. Prioritization should be given to China, UAE, Spain, India, USA, Germany, France, Italy, Sweden, and Kuwait, with average priority ranks of 4.15, 6.85, 7.7, 7.95, 8.9, 12.3, 14.35, 15.25, 15.5, and 16.45 respectively. Furthermore, the results indicated that the export market for saffron is oligopolistic. Therefore, it is essential for all exporting countries to collaborate in determining the price and market share for each country. This collaborative approach can help in stabilizing the market, ensuring fair pricing, and promoting sustainable growth in the saffron industry.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Export stability index
  • Iran
  • Market structure
  • Saffron export
  • Target markets

©2024 The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)

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