اولویت‌بندی بازارهای هدف گوجه فرنگی ایران بر اساس شاخص‌های رقابت بازاری

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• اتابک کاظم پور ¹
• حامد رفیعی ¹
• حسین نوروزی ¹
• سید عباس زارع ¹
• لیلا یوسف زاده ²
• مطهره کبودتبار ¹

¹ گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی ، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

² گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانکشده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

https://doi.org/10.22067/jead.2022.72231.1075

چکیده

نظر به پتانسیل بالای کشور در زمینه تولید و صادرات گوجه فرنگی پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی مزیت نسبی، تعیین ساختار بازار صادراتی و اولویت‌بندی بازارهای هدف صادراتی این محصول در ایران صورت پذیرفته است. دوره مورد مطالعه این پژوهش 97-1380 می‌باشد. بدین منظور مطالعه حاضر با استفاده از شاخص های مزیت نسبی آشکارشده، مزیت نسبی آشکار شده متقارن، نسبت‌های تمرکز و شاخص هرفیندال- هیرشمن به بررسی الگوی تجاری و ساختار بازار صادراتی گوجه فرنگی ایران و جهان پرداخته است. در ادامه به منظور اولویت‌بندی بازارهای هدف گوجه فرنگی ایران از روش تحلیل تاکسونومی عددی استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که مزیت نسبی گوجه فرنگی ایران در سال‌های مورد مطالعه با نوسانات زیادی همراه بوده و ریسک رقابتی برای صادرکنندگان این محصول در ایران نسبت به رقبا بالاتر بوده است. ساختار بازار صادراتی این محصول در جهان ابتدا انحصار چندجانبه بسته بوده است که با گذشت زمان رقابتی‌تر شده و به انحصار چندجانبه تغییر یافته است. ساختار بازار صادراتی گوجه فرنگی ایران همواره بنگاه مسلط بوده است که این وضعیت به دلیل کاهش درآمد ارزی حاصل از صادرات ایران و کاهش قدرت چانه زنی ایران در بازار های جهانی عمدتاً به ضرر کشور ایران و به نفع کشورهای وارد کننده می‌باشد. با توجه به شاخص‌های مورد بررسی نتایج حاکی از آن است که کشورهای ازبکستان، ارمنستان، اکراین، قرقیزستان و آذربایجان به ترتیب بهترین بازارها برای گوجه فرنگی ایران محسوب می‌شوند. لذا پیشنهاد می‌شود با تمرکز بر کشورهای اولویت‌دار و با بررسی شرایط موجود در بازارهای هدف بویژه سلیقه مشتریان در آنها نفوذ کرد.

واژه‌های کلیدی: ایران، بازار هدف، تاکسونومی عددی، ساختار بازار صادراتی، شاخص هرفیندال- هیرشمن

کلیدواژه‌ها

• ایران
• بازار هدف
• تاکسونومی عددی
• ساختار بازار صادراتی
• شاخص هرفیندال- هیرشمن

20.1001.1.20084722.1401.36.1.4.1

موضوعات

• بازاریابی و تجارت محصولات کشاورزی

عنوان مقاله [English]

Prioritization of Iranian Tomato Target Markets Based on Market Competition Indicators

نویسندگان [English]

• A. Kazem pour ¹
• H. Rafiee ¹
• H. Noroozi ¹
• S.A. Zarer ¹
• L. Yousefzadeh ²
• M. Kaboudtabar ¹

¹ Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

² Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Urmia, Urmia, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction
 In the modern world, there is interdependence between the economies of different countries and it is difficult to find a country that has a closed economy. In other words, all the economies of the world are interconnected, but the degree of openness of the economy varies from country to country. One of the ways to reach global markets in transition countries is to develop the export of non-oil products, especially agricultural products, which cannot be achieved without considering the market structure of exportable commodities. Due to the high share of the country in the production of this product versus its small share in the export of this product and on the other hand the lack of comprehensive research on determining appropriate target markets and active presence in it, the present study seeks to examine the comparative advantage , The structure of the export market and finally the prioritization of the target countries of Iranian tomato export using numerical taxonomy (by prioritizing the target countries of Iran based on a set of indicators) to provide scientific solutions to producers of this product to identify and select the appropriate target market.
Materials and Methods
 Considering the high potential of the country in the field of tomato production and export, the present study was conducted with the aim of examining the comparative advantage, determining the structure of the export market and prioritizing the export target markets of this product in Iran. The study period of this research is 2001-2018. For this purpose, the present study has examined the business model and structure of the export market of tomatoes in Iran and the world using the revealed comparative advantage, symmetric revealed comparative advantage, concentration ratios and Herfindahl-Hirschman index. After introducing the indicators of comparative advantage, the market structure index will be examined. Market structure reflects the organizational characteristics of the market, including the concentration of sellers, buyers' concentration, entry conditions and the degree of homogeneity of goods, which can be identified by identifying the nature of pricing, market competition and market type between competition and complete monopoly. Then, in order to prioritize the target markets of Iranian tomatoes, the method of numerical taxonomy analysis was used, which can be used to rank the regions in terms of comparative advantages and potentials and capacities. In this method, first each set is transformed into a homogeneous set based on the desired indicators and then prioritization will be done based on the expressed indicators.
Results and Discussion
 The study of tomato export trends in recent years shows that there is a growth in the export value of this product, but in contrast to the export advantage of Iranian tomatoes during the period under review has been accompanied by many fluctuations and this indicates a competitive risk for tomato exporters in the country. Therefore, adopting policies for permanent monitoring and policy-making to improve the level of competitiveness of Iranian exporters, such as raising the quality of packaging, advertising to introduce the product in new and developed markets, as well as setting preferential tariffs with other countries seems necessary. The study of the structure of the Iranian tomato market showed that during the period under review, the structure of the Iranian tomato export market was not diverse and focused on a few specific countries, which caused instability and a decrease in foreign currency income from tomato exports. The bargaining power of Iran in the world market of this product has decreased, which has ultimately been to the detriment of Iran and the benefit of importing countries. Therefore, it is recommended in the field of trade of this product by identifying new and emerging export target markets and shipping commodities to these countries, as well as increasing the number of export target markets and bringing Iran's export market closer to a competitive state, to prevent Iran's tomato exports to concentrate on a few limited and traditional markets (dominant firm).
Conclusion
 In this study, using the method of numerical taxonomy analysis as an efficient method, we tried to identify Iran's export target markets during the period 2001-2009. Finally, according to the ten indicators of market attractiveness, potential target markets for future exports of Iranian tomatoes were selected. The results of prioritizing the target markets of Iranian tomatoes showed that out of 25 countries importing Iranian tomatoes, 23 countries were among the target markets for exporting Iranian tomatoes. Among the major actual markets of Iranian tomatoes, which account for the largest imports of this product from Iran, only 4 countries, Azerbaijan, Afghanistan, UAE and Armenia are among the 10 countries with high priority, and the rest of the importers of tomatoes from Iran is considered as a target market with low priority. Therefore, in the export of tomatoes, a policy should be adopted that shifts the main focus to high-priority countries to penetrate them with full awareness of all the conditions of the target markets, especially the tastes of customers.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Export market structure
• Iran
• Herfindahl-Hirschman index
• Numerical
• Target market
• Taxonomy

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