ارزیابی همزمان کارایی فنی و ریسک تولید مزارع برنج

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی به زبان انگلیسی

نویسندگان

هانیه کظمی شعبانزاده افلاکی ¹

عذرا جوان بخت ¹

خدیجه الفی ²

¹ گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

² گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

https://doi.org/10.22067/jead.2025.91636.1327

چکیده

فعالیت‌های کشاورزی در مقایسه با سایر فعالیت‌های تولیدی، فعالیتی پرریسک بوده و این ریسک اغلب با ناکارآمدی همراه است. بنابراین مطالعه همزمان ریسک و عدم کارایی می‌تواند منجر به تولید کاراتر شود. بر اساس داده‌های سازمان جهاد کشاورزی استان گیلان (سال ۱۳۹۵)، تعداد کل کشاورزان در زمان مطالعه ۳۸۷۶۳ نفر بود. با استفاده از فرمول کوکران، حجم نمونه مورد نیاز ۲۲۶ نفر محاسبه شد که تقریباً ۵۸ درصد از جمعیت را تشکیل می‌دهد. پرسشنامه شامل دو بخش بود که به‌ترتیب مربوط به نهاده‌های مورد استفاده در فرآیند تولید برنج و متغیرهای اجتماعی-اقتصادی کشاورزان و مزارع آنها بود. برای ارزیابی همزمان کارایی فنی و ریسک تولید برنج‌کاران، در شهرستان رشت در سال ۱۳۹۷، از یک مدل تولید مرزی تصادفی تعمیم‌یافته (SFP) با ویژگی‌های ریسک انعطاف‌پذیر استفاده شد. نتایج تخمین تابع ریسک تولید نشان داد که تولید برنج به‌طور معنی‌داری تحت تأثیر نهاده‌های زمین، بذر و نیروی کار قرار دارد. همچنین، نهاده‌های سطح زیرکشت، آب، سن شالیکار و جنسیت ریسک فزاینده و بذر، علف‌کش‌ها، ماشین‌آلات، تحصیلات کشاورز، اندازه خانواده و تجربه کشاورزی از نهاده‌های ریسک کاهنده هستند. علاوه بر این، بذر، نیروی کار، عضویت در تعاونی‌های کشاورزی و بیمه، ناکارایی فنی را افزایش می‌دهد. کود نیترات، آب، جنسیت، تجربه کشت برنج و شرکت در کلاس‌های آموزشی و ترویجی اثر مثبت بر کارایی فنی در منطقه‌ی مورد مطالعه داشتند. نتایج برآورد کارایی فنی نشان داد که میانگین کارایی فنی شالیکاران با مؤلفه ریسک 47/93 درصد و بدون مؤلفه ریسک 27/96 درصد بوده است. بنابراین واضح است که برآورد مدل بدون مؤلفه ریسک منجر به خطای بزرگنمایی در میزان کارایی فنی می‌شود. در نتیجه، توصیه می‌شود هنگام اندازه‌گیری کارایی فنی شالیزارها برای دستیابی به مدیریت ریسک صحیح و تولید بسیار کارآمد، مؤلفه ریسک در نظر گرفته شود. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

ریسک تولید

شالیکاری

کارایی فنی

مدل مرزی تصادفی (SPF)

مدیریت ریسک

نهاده‌های کشاورزی

موضوعات

• اقتصاد کشاورزی

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عنوان مقاله English

Simultaneous Evaluation of Technical Efficiency and Production Risk of Rice Paddy Fields

نویسندگان English

H. Kazmi Shabanzade Aflaki ¹

O. Javanbakht ¹

Kh. Alefi ²

¹ Agricultural Economics Department, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran

² Agricultural Economics Department, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

چکیده English

Abstract
Agricultural activities are inherently riskier than other types of production and are often accompanied by inefficiencies. Therefore, studying risk and inefficiency simultaneously can help enhance productivity. The statistical population in this study consisted of rice farmers in Rasht County. Based on data from the Agricultural Jihad Organization of Guilan province (2016), the total number of farmers at the time of the study was 38,763. Using Cochran’s formula, the required sample size was calculated to be 226, representing approximately 58 percent of the population. The questionnaire consisted of two parts: one focusing on the inputs used in the rice production process, and the other on the socio-economic characteristics of farmers and their farms. To simultaneously evaluate the technical efficiency and production risk of rice farmers in Rasht County in 2018, a generalized Stochastic Frontier Production (SFP) model with flexible risk properties was employed. The results of estimating production risk function showed that (i) rice production was significantly affected by land, seed and labour inputs; (ii) land, water, age, and gender variables were risk-increasing factors; (iii) seed, herbicides, machinery, farmer’s education, family size, and farming experience were risk-reducing inputs; (iv) seed, labour, membership in the agricultural cooperatives and insurance increased technical inefficiency; and (v) nitrogen  fertilizer, water, gender, experience, and participation in educational and promotional programs reduce technical inefficiency in the studied area. The results of estimating technical efficiency showed that the average technical efficiency of the rice paddy field was 93.47 percent and 96.27 percent with and without a risk component, respectively. Therefore, it is clear that estimating the model without a risk component leads to biased results of technical efficiency. In conclusion, it is recommended that the risk component be considered when measuring the technical efficiency of paddy fields to achieve sound risk management and highly efficient production.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

: Agricultural inputs

Production risk

Rice farming

Risk management

Stochastic frontier model

Technical efficiency JEL classifications: M11

O13

Q12

©2025 The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).

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