مؤلفه‌های مؤثر بر توسعه کارآفرینی در نواحی روستایی: مطالعه موردی شهرستان هامون

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• حسن مهماندوست ¹
• علیرضا سرگزی ¹
• علیرضا کیخا ¹
• سامان ضیایی ¹
• علیرضا ثانی حیدری ²

¹ گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران

² گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

https://doi.org/10.22067/jead.2025.90314.1302

چکیده

این تحقیق به بررسی ظرفیت‌ها و عوامل مؤثر بر توسعه کارآفرینی در نواحی روستایی شهرستان هامون می‌پردازد. با توجه به اهمیت کارآفرینی در ایجاد اشتغال، کاهش فقر و بهبود کیفیت زندگی در مناطق روستایی، شناسایی و تحلیل عوامل کلیدی در این زمینه ضروری است. پژوهش حاضر با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی طبقه‌ای، شامل 278 نفر از افراد فعال در حوزه کسب‌وکارهای روستایی در پایان سال 1402 انجام شده است. در این مطالعه، عوامل مؤثر بر توسعه کارآفرینی به شش بعد اصلی عوامل انسانی و فردی، زیرساختی، فرهنگی، اقتصادی و اجتماعی تقسیم‌بندی شده‌اند. برای تحلیل داده‌ها از روش تحلیل عاملی و الگوی لاجیت ترتیبی بهره گرفته شد. نتایج الگوی تحلیل عاملی تحقیق نشان داد "یارانه‌ها و حمایت دولت از تولید"، "درآمد" و "تنوع محصولات روستایی" سهم بالایی در تغییرپذیری بعد اقتصادی توسعه کارآفرینی روستایی دارد. "تجربه، "مشاوره و خدمات حمایتی"، "میزان آگاهی" و "علاقه‌مندی به آبادانی روستا"سهم بالایی در توضیح بعد فرهنگی و اجتماعی توسعه کارآفرینی روستایی دارند. در بعد زیرساختی، به‌ترتیب "دسترسی به خدمات و تسهیلات" و "دسترسی به محیط پویای روستایی" نقش تعیین‌کننده‌ای را ایفا می‌کنند. در نهایت در بعد فردی، نتایج نشان داد "انگیزه"، "تحصیلات"، "توان روحی و روانی" و "مدیریت ابتکار و خلاقیت"، سهم بالایی در توضیح این بعد را به خود اختصاص داده است. افزون‌براین، ‌نتایج الگوی لاجیت ترتیبی نشان داد به ازای افزایش هر یک واحد در شاخص‌های عوامل اقتصادی، عوامل فرهنگی و اجتماعی، عوامل نهادی و آموزشی و عوامل زیرساختی، احتمال قرار گرفتن افراد در گروه انگیزه زیاد برای کارآفرینی روستایی، به‌ترتیب به میزان 2202/0، 2497/0، 3381/0 و 3620/0 واحد افزایش می‌یابد. همچنین، به ازای افزایش هر یک واحد در شاخص‌های موانع اقتصادی و موانع فرهنگی و اجتماعی، احتمال قرار گرفتن افراد در گروه انگیزه زیاد برای کارآفرینی روستایی به‌ترتیب به میزان 8430/0 و 872/0، واحد کاهش می‌یابد. نتایج این تحقیق اطلاعات مهمی را برای سیاست‌گذاران فراهم می‌کند، لذا توصیه می‌شود سیاست‌گذاران در گام اول در اجرای برنامه‌های توسعه‌ کارآفرینی روستایی متغیرهای تعیین‌کننده توسعه کارآفرینی را مورد توجه قرار دهند و در گام دوم با حمایت‌های یارانه‌ای، اعطای تسهیلات کم بهره و صندوق‌های بیمه‌ای خرد روستایی، موانع کارآفرینی روستایی و ریسک سرمایه‌گذاری در آن را کاهش دهند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• تحلیل عاملی
• توسعه کارآفرینی
• شهرستان هامون
• لاجیت ترتیبی
• نواحی روستایی

موضوعات

• توسعه کشاورزی و روستایی

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effective Factors Influencing Entrepreneurship Development in Rural Areas: A Case Study of Hamun County

نویسندگان [English]

• H. Mehmandoost ¹
• A. Sargazi ¹
• A. Keikha ¹
• S. Ziaee ¹
• A. Sani Heidary ²

¹ Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran

² Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction
This research investigates the capacities and factors influencing entrepreneurship development in the rural areas of Hamun County. Given the importance of entrepreneurship in creating employment, reducing poverty, and improving the quality of life in rural regions, identifying and analyzing key factors in this context is essential. The significance of rural entrepreneurship lies not only in its potential to stimulate local economies but also in its ability to foster social cohesion and community development. As highlighted by Petrin (1992), entrepreneurship serves as a central force for economic growth in rural areas, and without it, other developmental efforts may prove ineffective. Thus, understanding the dynamics of rural entrepreneurship is crucial for policymakers and stakeholders aiming to enhance the livelihoods of rural communities. In light of the challenges and opportunities present in rural entrepreneurship, this article aims to identify effective factors influencing entrepreneurial development while reviewing existing literature. By categorizing these factors into human and individual, infrastructural, cultural, economic, and social dimensions, the study seeks to provide a comprehensive analysis that can inform future initiatives aimed at strengthening entrepreneurship in these areas. The findings are expected to offer practical recommendations for enhancing the entrepreneurial ecosystem in Hamun County.
 
Materials and Methods
The present study utilized a stratified random sampling method, involving 278 entrepreneurs and individuals active in rural business sectors. The research categorized influential factors into six primary groups: human and individual factors, infrastructural factors, cultural factors, economic factors, and social factors. Data analysis was conducted using Stata and Excel software to model relationships among these variables effectively. This structured approach allows for a nuanced understanding of how different factors contribute to or hinder entrepreneurial development in rural contexts.
 
Results and Discussion
The results indicate that "government support and subsidies for production," "income," and "diversification of rural products" play significant roles in explaining and influencing entrepreneurial behavior from an economic development perspective. In terms of cultural and social aspects, "experience," "consultation and support services," "awareness levels," and "interest in village improvement" were found to have substantial impacts on entrepreneurial behavior. From an infrastructural standpoint, "access to services and facilities" along with "access to a dynamic rural environment" emerged as critical determinants explaining the variance among extracted factors. Furthermore, regarding individual aspects of entrepreneurial development, findings revealed that "motivation," "education," "psychological resilience," and "management creativity" significantly contribute to explaining variations in behavior among entrepreneurs. The results indicated that among various influencing factors on entrepreneurship development, economic factors, cultural and social factors, institutional and educational factors, as well as infrastructural factors had positive and significant effects on the likelihood of individuals achieving high levels of entrepreneurial motivation.
 
Conclusion
Among the identified indicators, government support and subsidies for production had a more substantial impact on income levels while diversification of rural products significantly influenced entrepreneurial behavior from an economic development perspective. In terms of cultural and social dimensions, experience, consultation services, awareness levels, and interest in village improvement were crucial for explaining variations in entrepreneurial behavior. From an infrastructural perspective, access to services and facilities alongside access to a dynamic rural environment played a decisive role in explaining the variance among extracted factors. Finally, individual development aspects revealed that motivation, education, psychological resilience, and management creativity significantly contributed to variations in behavior among entrepreneurs. The findings suggest that within the studied villages—specifically Mohammadabad, Ali Akbar Town, Dek Dehmardeh Town, Sanjoli Town, Mir Town, Bandei Town, and Kermani—there are ideal conditions for entrepreneurship compared to other assessed villages. Furthermore, using an ordered logit model revealed that economic indicators along with cultural-social factors significantly influence individuals' motivations for entrepreneurship. This expanded introduction provides a comprehensive overview of your research topic while highlighting its significance within the broader context of rural entrepreneurship development.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Entrepreneurship development
• Factor analysis
• Hamun county
• Ordered logit
• Rural areas

©2025 The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).

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