نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 استادیار پژوهشی، بخش تحقیقات اقتصادی، اجتماعی و ترویج کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان همدان، سازمان
2 محقق، بخش تحقیقات اقتصادی، اجتماعی و ترویج کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان همدان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش
چکیده
بررسی وضعیت زنجیره ارزش کشمش، به بهبود وضعیت شبکه تولید، عرضه، بازاریابی و صادرات محصول کشمش کمک خواهد کرد. در این تحقیق محصول کشمش در استان همدان انتخاب شده است تا به رفع موانع در زنجیره ارزش در راستای ایجاد اشتغال کمک نماید. داده‌ها به صورت اسنادی و پیمایشی از بازیگران زنجیره در سال 1403 گردآوری شده است. برای تحلیل زنجیره ارزش ازروش SWOT و ماتریسQSPM استفاده شده است. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد که باتوجه به امتیازات کسب شده ماتریس عوامل داخلی و خارجی، راهبردمناسب برای توسعه زنجیره ارزش کشمش در استان همدان راهبرد تهاجمی است که شامل راهبردهای تجاریسازی محصول و فرآوردههای انگور، ایجاد مزیت رقابتی و جذب بازارهای صادارتی جدید، متنوع سازی محصولات فرآوری شده، اجرای کشاورزی قراردادی، توسعه فرآوری انگور و توسعه تحقیقات مرتبط با تولید و فرآوری بودند. اولویت‌های راهبردی به دست آمده در این تحقیق میتواند در مسیر توسعه زنجیره ارزش کشمش همدان گامی اصولی به شمار رود. بررسی حلقه‌های مختلف زنجیره، نشان داد که حلقه‌های مفقوده درزنجیره ارزش کشمش شامل موارد ایجاد بنگاه‌های فرآوری‌کننده، ایجاد کارگاه کشمش خشک‌کنی و استفاده از کشاورزی قراردادی بوده است.
بررسی وضعیت زنجیره ارزش کشمش، به بهبود وضعیت شبکه تولید، عرضه، بازاریابی و صادرات محصول کشمش کمک خواهد کرد. در این تحقیق محصول کشمش در استان همدان انتخاب شده است تا به رفع موانع در زنجیره ارزش در راستای ایجاد اشتغال کمک نماید. داده‌ها به صورت اسنادی و پیمایشی از بازیگران زنجیره در سال 1403 گردآوری شده است. برای تحلیل زنجیره ارزش ازروش SWOT و ماتریسQSPM استفاده شده است. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد که باتوجه به امتیازات کسب شده ماتریس عوامل داخلی و خارجی، راهبردمناسب برای توسعه زنجیره ارزش کشمش در استان همدان راهبرد تهاجمی است که شامل راهبردهای تجاریسازی محصول و فرآوردههای انگور، ایجاد مزیت رقابتی و جذب بازارهای صادارتی جدید، متنوع سازی محصولات فرآوری شده، اجرای کشاورزی قراردادی، توسعه فرآوری انگور و توسعه تحقیقات مرتبط با تولید و فرآوری بودند. اولویت‌های راهبردی به دست آمده در این تحقیق میتواند در مسیر توسعه زنجیره ارزش کشمش همدان گامی اصولی به شمار رود. بررسی حلقه‌های مختلف زنجیره، نشان داد که حلقه‌های مفقوده درزنجیره ارزش کشمش شامل موارد ایجاد بنگاه‌های فرآوری‌کننده، ایجاد کارگاه کشمش خشک‌کنی و استفاده از کشاورزی قراردادی بوده است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
Grape Value Chain with Emphasis on Raisin Crop In Hamedan Province
نویسندگان [English]
- seyed mohsen seyedan 1
- mahsa motaghed 2
1 a. Assistant Professor of Economic, Social and Extension Research Department, Hamedan Agricultural and Natural ResourcesResearch and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Hamedan, Iran.
2 researcher of Economic, Social and Extension Research Department, Hamedan Agricultural and Natural ResourcesResearch and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Hamedan, Iran.
چکیده [English]
Introduction
Effective measures in the field of grape production and processing are necessary to be aware of the market's needs. While using the acquired knowledge, the products should be well-matched to the market's demand, which requires the understanding and application of the value chain. The value chain is a network of actors who are involved in the supply, production, processing, marketing, and consumption of a product or service, and its actors seek to realize added value in each of the links of the chain and add value as a whole. It is for the activities that take place along the chain. An efficient value chain plays a key role in reducing poverty and food security in the country and has inherent potential for the development of job opportunities. The benefits of the value chain include reducing production costs, increasing productivity, providing valuable services to farmers, a variety of new services with added value, innovation at a faster speed, creating new circles, creating more jobs, reducing rural poverty, transparency in the price of agricultural products, balance of supply and demand, improvement of quality and health of agricultural products, reduction of product waste, increase of product health quality, increase of real profit, consumer satisfaction, reduction of mediation and brokerage, increase of flexibility power and sustainability in production and export.
Materials and methods
In this research, using a questionnaire, the desired information was collected from each of the agents (links of the chain). There are various methods to analyze the situation of the value chain, the most important of which is the SWOT analysis method (identification of strengths, weaknesses, threats, and opportunities, as well as determining the strategic position), which was used in this research, and it will be briefly explained to the process of analyzing the SWOT matrix. Since the SWOT analytical matrix offers various strategies but does not provide a technique for priorities, the QSPM matrix was used. This matrix is used in the last stage of strategy development and for selecting and prioritizing strategies. This matrix prioritizes different strategy options according to their attractiveness score.
Results and discussion
In the present study; 74 components in the template (15 strengths, 23 weaknesses, 19 threats and 17 opportunities) were extracted and categorized. To evaluate the internal factors of the grape value chain with an emphasis on its yield, the internal factors evaluation matrix (IFE) was used. In this matrix, the strengths and weaknesses were listed and scored using special coefficients and ranks to determine the final score of the evaluation of internal factors. From the analysis of internal factors, it was found that the set of final points is equal to 61.2. Therefore, it can be said that the value chain of grapes in Hamedan province is in a strong state. In other words, the internal strengths are more than the weaknesses that are listed for it. From the analysis of external factors, it was found that the set of weighted points is equal to 2.87. Therefore, the grape value chain in Hamedan has an external opportunity. In other words, the opportunities of the grape value chain are more than its threats.
Conclusion and suggestions
To improve this situation, the raisin value chain model was designed based on observations and research findings. This model is an executive model that has five main actors including 1- Input supply link (without timely supply of inputs and without creating a basis for the development of a competitive environment in this link, one cannot hope for sustainable production and export), 2- The link of grape growers is 3- the circle of packaging and processing factories, 4- the circle of distribution and marketing, and 5- the circle of consumption and communication with customers. This model also has a support link (providing consulting, training, and support services to investors to help create and launch new businesses within the chain) that supports all the links in terms of structure, design, research, training, financial management, and resource management. Humanity supports. These measures attract investment, create employment, develop chain links and growth, and help to achieve the goals of economic and social development of the region. The most important missing link in the grape product is the production and processing of this product with a special brand. These circles should be established to attract foreign markets, since the grapes of Hamedan province have a good quality and have the potential that the products can compete with the products of other countries, it is necessary to turn this potential into reality. which is the foundation of creating processed products based on the highest quality and stealing the market from competitors in this field.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Keywords: Strategy
- value chain
- raisins
- QSPM matrix
- SWOT matrix
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