بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر قصد رفتاری و رفتار استفاده از فناوری هوش مصنوعی: مطالعه موردی کشت و صنعت‌های شرکت کشاورزی رضوی

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• علیرضا ثانی حیدری ¹
• احرام صفری ²

¹ گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

² گروه توسعه کاربردهای هوش مصنوعی، پژوهشگاه ارتباطات و فناوری اطلاعات، تهران، ایران

10.22067/jead.2024.88807.1277

چکیده

فناوری هوش مصنوعی یکی از راه‌حل‌های مطلوب فعلی برای حل مشکلات بخش کشاورزی و افزایش کمی و کیفی میزان تولید محصولات این بخش است. چرا که پیش‌بینی‌ و بهبود سیستم‌های مدیریت مزرعه، می‌تواند کیفیت و عرضه محصول را تضمین کند. افزون‌براین، بخش کشاورزی به‌دلیل جایگاه آن در اقتصاد و امنیت غذایی کشور به‌عنوان یکی از حوزه‌های اولویت‌دار برنامه‌های ملی توسعه فناوری هوش مصنوعی به حساب می‌آید. گسترش چنین فناوری جدیدی در مقیاس وسیع کشاورزی و در سطح کشور به عوامل مختلفی بستگی دارد. بنابراین، هدف اصلی تحقیق حاضر، تعیین پیش‌بینی‌کننده‌های کلیدی قصد رفتاری و رفتار استفاده از فناوری هوش مصنوعی در بخش کشاورزی است. ویژگی متمایز این تحقیق ترکیب جنبه‌های مدل توسعه یافته نظریه یکپارچه پذیرش و استفاده از فناوری (UTAUT2) با جنبه‌های فناوری، سازمانی و محیطی (TOE) است. حجم نمونه مبتنی بر روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی طبقه‌ای، 211 نفر برآورد و داده‌ها از طریق تکمیل پرسشنامه به‌صورت مصاحبه از کارکنان 9 کشت و صنعت کشاورزی واقع در چهار استان خراسان شمالی، رضوی، جنوبی و سمنان در سال 1402 جمع‌آوری شد. نتایج نشان داد عملکرد مورد انتظار و تأثیرات اجتماعی، مهمترین عوامل مثبت تعیین‌کننده قصد رفتاری افراد برای پذیرش فناوری هوش مصنوعی هستند. متغیر ترس از فناوری به‌عنوان مهمترین عامل بازدارنده پذیرش فناوری تعیین شد. در بین جنبه‌های فناوری، سازمانی و محیطی، نتایج نقش قابل توجه جنبه‌های سازمانی و محیطی بر قصد رفتاری افراد را برجسته می‌کند. در نهایت، متغیرهای امید به تلاش، شرایط تسهیل‌کننده، انگیزه لذت‌جویی، قیمت-ارزش، اعتماد به فناوری، عادت و جنبه‌های فناوری دیگر عوامل تعیین‌کننده قصد رفتاری افراد جهت پذیرش فناوری می‌باشند. این نتایج اطلاعات مهمی را برای ذینفعان مختلف فراهم می‌کند. توصیه می‌شود سیاست‌گذاران در اجرای برنامه‌های توسعه‌ فناوری هوش مصنوعی در کشاورزی متغیرهای تعیین‌کننده قصد رفتاری را مورد توجه قرار دهند؛ دولت باید در توسعه زیرساخت‌های ضروری این فناوری سرمایه‌گذاری کند و با وضع قوانین کارآمد و پرداخت تسهیلات کم‌بهره، بستر توسعه این فناوری را فراهم سازد؛ طراحان با ارائه اطلاعات و مشارکت دادن کشاورزان در فرآیند توسعه آن، آنها را بهتر در مورد عملکرد فناوری خود آگاه کنند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• بخش کشاورزی
• رفتار استفاده
• فناوری هوش مصنوعی
• قصد رفتاری
• مدل معادلات ساختاری

موضوعات

• اقتصاد کشاورزی

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the Factors Influencing Behavioral Intention and Adoption of Artificial Intelligence Technology: A Case Study of Cultivation and Industries at Razavi Agricultural Company

نویسندگان [English]

• A. Sani Heidary ¹
• E. Safari ²

¹ Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

² Artificial Intelligence Applications Development Group, Communication and Information Technology Research Institute, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction
In the continuity of human life, agriculture as a strategic activity plays a key role in providing food. In addition, the agricultural sector plays an important role in economic development, social welfare and environmental sustainability of all countries. However, this sector is facing many challenges in recent years. Some of its most important challenges include the increasing growth of the world's population, a 40% reduction in water and soil resources, the destruction of a quarter of agricultural land, climate change, a lack of specialized labor, poor access to financial resources, strict laws, and a decrease in the number of farmers due to a decrease in motivation. Therefore, in order to meet the growing demand for food and overcome its challenges, the agricultural sector is forced to look for new solutions such as adopting digital transformation enhanced by artificial intelligence technology. The use of artificial intelligence (AI) technology has recently become increasingly prominent in the agricultural sector. AI-based solutions assist farmers in achieving higher productivity with fewer resources, ensuring the production of high-quality and healthy products, and accelerating the marketing process. Given the significance of AI technology in enhancing the overall efficiency of the agricultural sector, this research aims to identify the key predictors that influence the behavioral intention and adoption of AI technology in agricultural companies.
 
Materials and Methods
The main objective of this research is to determine the key predictors of behavioral intention and behavior of using artificial intelligence technology in agricultural companies through the combination of the developed UTAUT2 model and TOE factors. The statistical population of this research is the total employees of nine cultivation and industry of Razavi Agricultural Company, which are about 465 people. Data were collected by completing multidimensional questionnaires along with semi-structured interviews from households in 2023. In total, 250 questionnaires were completed. Data of 39 respondents were excluded due to missing values. The questionnaire is designed based on the seven-point Likert scale (strongly disagree = 1, strongly agree = 7). The questionnaire used in this research includes 14 constructs in the form of 60 items. Excel 2019 software was used to analyze the raw data of the questionnaire and SmartPLS software was used to test the research hypotheses. In order to guarantee the stability of the data, a complete bootstrap method with 5000 sub-samples was performed.
 
Results and Discussion
The results revealed that the values of Cronbach's alpha and CR for all constructs were higher than 0.7, which shows acceptable internal consistency of the model and adequate reliability of the research constructs. AVE scores and factor loading values for all constructs are above 0.5, which indicates the correct definition of constructs and high convergence between constructs and its items. The values of rho_A as an important reliability measure for PLS-SEM for all constructs are greater than the acceptable value of 0.7. The results of the Fornell-Larcker criteria and the Heterotrait-Monotrait ratio (HTMT) indicate that the model is confirmed in terms of the constructs' discriminative validity. In addition, the research model was able to explain 89.4 and 51.7 percent of the variance of the variables of behavioral intention and the behavior of people to use artificial intelligence technology in the agricultural sector. According to the results, all research hypotheses are confirmed and the behavioral intention to adopt artificial intelligence technology is positively and significantly influenced by expected performance, social effects, hope for effort, facilitating conditions, pleasure-seeking motivation, price-value, habit, trust in technology, technological aspects, organizational aspects, and environmental aspects. However, the fear of technology variable has a negative and significant impact on people's behavioral intention.
 
Conclusion
This study highlights the determining the role of expected performance constructs, social influences, fear of technology, and organizational and environmental aspects compared to other constructs in predicting people's behavioral intention to adopt artificial intelligence technology in the agricultural sector and provides important information for different stakeholders. According to the results, it is suggested that the government should invest in the development of the necessary infrastructure for this technology and provide a platform for its development by establishing efficient laws and paying low-interest facilities. In addition, Designers should create user-friendly tools tailored to the agricultural conditions of the country.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Agricultural sector
• Artificial intelligence technology
• Behavioral intention
• Structural equation modeling
• Use Behavior

©2024 The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)

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