نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
2 دانشیار گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران
3 دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
4 استادیار، گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد، مشهد، ایران
چکیده
از مهمترین مسائل و چالش های پیش رو در جهان امروز آلودگی هوا و به خصوص آلاینده PM2.5 می باشد به نحوی که این مساله به یکی از معضلات پیچیده و جدی در زندگی انسان های سراسر جهان تبدیل شده است. قرار گرفتن در معرض سطوح بالای آلودگی هوا موجب پیامدهای منفی سلامتی است . بهبود کیفیت هوا و کاهش آلودگی به طور معمول نیازمند هزینه های بالا، تلاش‌های فراگیر و همکاری تمامی افراد جامعه است و اینکه آیا افراد جامعه آمادگی و تمایل به پرداخت برای بهبود کیفیت هوا را دارند و چه عواملی بر این تمایل به پرداخت اثر گذار است سوال بسیار مهمی است که نیازمند پاسخ می باشد. مطالعه حاضر در نظر دارد تا تمایل به پرداخت ساکنین شهر مشهد برای بهبود آلاینده PM2.5 و عوامل موثر بر این تمایل به پرداخت را اندازه گیری کند. برای رسیدن به این هدف با استفاده از روش نمونه گیری خوشه ای دو مرحله ای از 343 نفر، و با بکار بردن مدل انتخاب گسسته چند بعدی (MBDC) و الگوی اقتصاد سنجی لاجیت ترتیبی استفاده شد. بر اساس نتایج میانگین تمایل به پرداخت مردم مشهد برای بهبود کیفیت آلاینده PM2.5 به میزان 55488 ده ریال برآورد شد همچنین نتایج نشان داد که متغیرهایی همچون تحصیلات، سن افراد، داشتن بیماری تنفسی و درآمد بر روی تمایل به پرداخت افراد اثری مثبت و معنی دار و متغیر بعد خانوار اثر منفی و معنی داری بر تمایل به پرداخت داشته است و پیشنهاد می شود با توسعه سیستم‌های حمل و نقل عمومی کارآمد و اقتصادی با تخفیف‌های ویژه برای افراد با درآمد کم و ایجاد برنامه‌ها و تسهیلات مالی برای افزایش دسترسی این افراد به موارد کمتر آلوده کننده، به بهتر شدن کیفیت هوا کمک کرد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
The Estimation Of Willingness To Pay And The Influential Factors For Air Quality Improvement In The City Of Mashhad.
نویسندگان [English]
- saber kalhori 1
- leili abolhassany 2
- mahmood sabouhi 3
- Maryam Sarkhosh 4
1 Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2 Associate Professor of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
3 Ferdowsi university of mashhad
4 Assistant Professor, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
چکیده [English]
Introduction
Given the rapid process of industrialization, expansion of agriculture, increased reliance on fossil fuels, and the intensification of climatic conditions, air quality has rapidly deteriorated in recent years. One of the most important issues and challenges facing the world today is air pollution, particularly PM2.5 pollution. This problem has evolved into one of the complex and serious dilemmas affecting the lives of people worldwide. Exposure to high levels of air pollution has negative health implications. The present study aims to measure the willingness to pay of Mashhad city residents for the improvement of PM2.5 pollution and identify the factors influencing this willingness to pay.
Materials and Methods
In this study, the level of individuals' willingness to pay was calculated using one of the methods for valuing environmental goods known as contingent valuation and the multiple-bound discrete choice model. This model can calculate the willingness to pay based on certainty levels. In this research, the willingness to pay was estimated for the certainty level of "definitely yes." For this purpose, a set of 13 willingness-to-pay proposals was generated, considering 200,000 Toman as the highest proposed level and 10,000 Toman as the lowest. Subsequently, the econometric model of ordered logit regression was employed to explain the factors influencing the willingness of Mashhad citizens to pay for the improvement of air quality. The research was conducted within the statistical population of Mashhad city residents, and 343 questionnaires were gathered using a two-stage cluster sampling method to ensure a comprehensive and representative sample for the study. In this study, the dependent variable is the public's willingness to pay for the improvement of air quality concerning particulate matter PM2.5. The independent variables encompass socio-economic information of individuals, including education level, age, gender, marital status, child's presence in the family, family size, chronic respiratory diseases (such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, chronic bronchitis, etc.), and individuals' income.
Results and Discussion
The findings reveal that, out of the 13 available monetary proposals, the frequency distribution of willingness-to-pay, specifically at the certainty level "definitely yes," comprises 4 monetary proposals. These monetary levels encompass amounts less than 10,000 Toman, ranging from 45,000 to 58,000 Toman, between 95,000 and 120,000 Toman, and between 155,000 and 200,000 Toman. According to the results, about 22.45% of respondents unequivocally express a willingness to pay less than 10,000 Toman for air quality improvement. Approximately 60.06% of participants indicate a willingness to pay between 45,000 and 58,000 Toman. Furthermore, 5.83% of respondents are willing to pay between 95,000 and 120,000 Toman, while 11.66% definitively agree to pay between 155,000 and 200,000 Toman. After estimating the ordered logit model and its estimated parameters, the average willingness to pay of the Mashhad residents for the improvement of PM2.5 pollutant quality was estimated to be 55,488 Toman. Additionally, the results of the ordered logit model indicated that variables such as education level, age, respiratory diseases, and income have a positive and significant effect on individuals' willingness to pay. Moreover, family size was found to have a significant negative impact on individuals' willingness to pay.
Conclusions
Improving air quality and reducing pollution typically entail high costs, extensive efforts, and the collaboration of all members of society. Whether individuals are willing and prepared to contribute financially to enhance air quality is a crucial question that requires exploration. The present research endeavors to address this important inquiry by investigating the readiness and willingness of individuals to pay for air quality improvement, along with identifying the influencing factors on this willingness to pay. Based on the findings of this research, it is recommended that the government and municipal authorities, with consideration to the calculated value for air pollution and the respective contributions of various sources to air pollution, impose taxes and levies on each pollutant sector. Furthermore, it is possible to enhance air quality by implementing educational programs tailored to individuals with diverse educational backgrounds. Using technology and social media to increase environmental awareness among the youth can be instrumental. Additionally, the development of efficient and cost-effective public transportation systems, along with special discounts for individuals with lower incomes, can contribute to reducing pollution. Creating financial programs and incentives to improve access for these individuals to less polluting resources, such as cleaner vehicles or more efficient heating systems, is another way to improve air quality.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Willingness to pay
- multiple-bound discrete choice method (MBDC)
- PM2.5
- Mashhad
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