Document Type : Research Article
Authors
- Mohsen Rafiee Sefid Dashti 1
- Seyed Mehdi. Mirdamadi 1
- syed jamal farajollah hosyni 1
- Shahab Alddin Shokri 2
1 Depatment of Agricultural economic,extension and education, Science and Research Branch,Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Depatment of agricultural development, Islamic Azad University,Roudehen Branch,Factuly agriculture, Tehran, Iran.
Abstract
In any society, man is known as the main axis of development. What is used as a means of producing inputs in any country depends to a large extent on the capacity of manpower. Training and capacity building of human resources is a strategy for sustainable development, therefore, in order to follow the path of sustainable development, every country needs the empowerment and capacity building of human resources, subordinate institutions, organizations, environmental and ecological conditions. For this reason, capacity building has a significant impact on the empowerment of people and groups. and it increases the level of knowledge, strengthens skills, instills values and encourages the necessary behaviors to actualize the potential of the organization's employees, in fact, the capacity building of extension experts is necessary for the effective functioning of agriculture. Training and capacity building of extension experts is an important strategy for the development of sustainable agriculture. which can increase the resilience of agricultural activities and food security through the strategy of adapting and building capacity to climate change and removing its obstacles. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the capacity of extension experts in the entire value chain of agricultural products. On the other hand, due to its high dependence on climatic conditions, agriculture is exposed to the risks of climate change more than other sectors. gives, so that some areas face increased heat waves, floods, climate changes and forest fires. Therefore, in order to adapt to climate change, reduce or eliminate greenhouse gas emissions and increase production, it is necessary to develop smart climate agriculture. United Nations (FAO) has been introduced at the Hague Conference on Agriculture, Food Security and Climate Change in 2010. This type of agriculture is an approach that helps farmers adapt to changes in climate conditions and ultimately reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.Smart climate agriculture is the development of agriculture to deal with the challenges of climate change. The climate-smart agriculture framework provides a platform for assessing how livelihood assets are performing and how they are affected by policy processes and structures, as well as the technologies required for the transformation of restorative agriculture. Climate-smart agriculture seeks to intensify linkages between global, national and local agricultural stakeholders by accelerating cross-scale adaptation and synergies between them.
Therefore, climate-smart agriculture offers a triple win-win effect that can continuously improve agricultural production capacity, income and adaptability to climate change, reduce or eliminate greenhouse gas emissions, and thus achieve national food security goals and promote sustainable development and provide solutions for the problems facing agricultural development. In fact, smart climate agriculture is an approach that seeks to adjust the mutual effects of agriculture and the phenomenon of climate change. In general, the climate changes that have occurred in the last decade have a direct impact on the agriculture of the region, causing challenges in the existence of water, the water needs of agricultural products, It has created production and income for rural households. Decrease in the amount of rain and irregularity in periodic rains (floods), frost, heatstroke, storms, hot winds, hail, climate changes, torrential rains, sudden changes in temperature, presence of micro-pollens, increase in pests and deterioration of forests are among the climate changes reported in Iran and three provinces are studied. On the other hand, in order to reduce climate changes in the agricultural sector, improving the level of knowledge, information and skills of extension experts is considered one of the important and effective factors in capacity building and development of the agricultural sector in Iran.
In fact, considering the importance of the subject and the fact that so far no independent study has investigated the effective factors in building the capacity of extension experts in the development of smart climate agriculture, the researcher intends to fill this gap. Therefore, by identifying the effective factors in building the capacity of agricultural extension experts in smart climate, farmers and villagers can be introduced to the importance and methods of using smart climate agriculture in the direction of sustainable agricultural development. Based on this, in the current research, it has been tried to explain the pattern of effective factors in capacity building of extension experts in the development of smart climate agriculture. In other words, the general goal of this research is to explain the effective factors in building the capacity of extension experts in the development of smart climate agriculture. In general, in order to achieve the mentioned goal, the current research seeks to answer the question: What is the explanatory model of the effective factors in the capacity building of extension experts in the development of smart climate agriculture? Agriculture is one of the most sensitive sectors in the face of climate change. This research was done with the aim of explaining the pattern of effective factors in building the capacity of extension experts in the development of smart climate agriculture in the northwestern provinces of the country. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of method. The statistical population of the study includes the extension experts of East Azerbaijan, West Azerbaijan and Ardabil provinces in the number of 4256 people, of which 354 people were selected as a statistical sample based on Cochran's formula and randomly selected. Data were collected through a questionnaire. In this research, structural equation modeling and the partial least squares method (PLS3) were used to test the assumptions and model fit. The findings of the research showed that infrastructural factors, economic factors, social factors, organizational factors, cultural factors, educational factors, legal factors and technical factors have a positive and significant effect on the capacity building of extension experts in the development of smart climate agriculture.
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