نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی
نویسنده
پژوهشکده پولی و بانکی بانک مرکزی
چکیده
تغییرات زیست‌محیطی در سطح جهانی چالشی بزرگ برای اجتماع بشریت شده است. از این‌رو نیاز است از پروژه‌های دوست‌دار محیط زیست در تمام ابعاد ازجمله ابعاد مالی و اقتصادی حمایت ویژه‌ای صورت پذیرد. به بیان دیگر، توجه به اخلاق و ارزش‌های انسانی و اجتماعی همراه با دغدغه‌های حفاظت از محیط زیست در ضمن فعالیت‌های اقتصادی باعث می‌شود فعالیت در بخش‌های گوناگون اقتصادی و مالی همچون نظام بانکداری، بنگاه‌های تولیدی و صنعتی، شرکت‌های بیمه و... متفاوت از همیشه باشد. در این بین پدیداری مفهومی با عنوان «بانکداری سبز» یکی از مهمترین مصادیق این حمایت است. این نوع بانکداری به عنوان بخش مهمی از بانکداری اخلاقی، نقش خاصی در صیانت و نگه‌داشت محیط زیست ایفا می‌نماید. این پژوهش با تبیینی جامع از بانکداری سبز و با استفاده از مطالعات نظری و تجربیات بین‌المللی و کسب نظر از خبرگان و صاحبنظران مربوطه، عوامل موثر بر گرایش شبکه بانکی کشور به بانکداری سبز را با بهره‌گیری از روش دلفی، تحلیل پرسشنامه و آزمون فریدمن شناسایی و تحلیل می‌نماید. براساس نتایج پژوهش، به ترتیب چهار معیار اصلی اقتصادی، ساختاری، مدیریتی و اجتماعی در اثرگذاری بر این گرایش شناسایی گردید. در بخش زیرمعیارها نیز نرخ تورم بالا، ارزان بودن نسبی قیمت انرژی و وجود بازارهای موازی پرسود در کنار سپرده‌گذاری سبز از مهمترین علل در گرایش کم به بانکداری سبز عنوان شده است؛ همچنین سهم قوانین و مقررات و نظام حقوقی، نظام کارگزینی، ارتقا و تشویق مدیران و کارکنان بانکی، نظام نظارتی بانک مرکزی، سهم نگرش مدیران‌ارشد نسبت به مسائل زیست محیطی، حاکمیت شرکتی، نظارت داخلی بانک، وزن توجه به بانکداری سبز در انتخاب و تصمیم مشتریان، نگرش جامعه نسبت به مسائل زیست‌محیطی و فرهنگ تقاضامندی و مطالبه‌گری از جمله مهمترین زیرمعیارها موثر بر گرایش شبکه بانکی کشور به بانکداری سبز ارزیابی و معرفی شده است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
Identification and Analysis of Effective Factors the Trend of the Iranian Banking Network to Implement Green Banking
نویسنده [English]
- wahhab Qelich
Monetary and Banking Research Institute, Central Bank of I.R. Iran
چکیده [English]
Introduction
The changes of global environmental have become a big challenge for the human community. Therefore, there is a need to provide special support to environmental projects in all dimensions, such as financial and economic dimensions. Paying attention to ethics and human and social values along with the concerns of environmental protection while doing economic activities makes activities in various economic and financial sectors such as the banking system, manufacturing and industrial enterprises, insurance companies, etc. is different than ever. It is necessary to put aside the purely market-oriented approaches focused on the rapid development of financial markets at any cost, so that other policies with greater health can replace them. Meanwhile, the concept called "green banking" is one of the most important examples of this support. This kind of banking, as an important part of ethical banking, plays a special role in protecting the environment. With a comprehensive explanation of green banking and by using theoretical studies and international experiences and obtaining opinions from relevant experts and experts, this research identified the factors affecting the trend of the country's banking network towards green banking by using the Delphi method, questionnaire analysis and Friedman's test.
Materials and Methods
The current research is completely practical in terms of its purpose and qualitative and descriptive-analytical in terms of implementation method. First, by using the Delphi method, the factors affecting the tendency of the banking to implement green banking are identified, and then the relevant data is collected using a questionnaire. In the following, the known factors are ranked and prioritized with Friedman's test. The statistical population of this research was all managers and banking experts in Tehran. The standard statistical sample used in the Delphi method is 10 to 30 questionnaires, of which 28 questionnaires are considered in this research. With the follow-ups, 23 questionnaires were completed and used in the research analysis. Also, 142 questionnaires have been prepared and collected in the implementation of Friedman's test. At this stage, the Likert scale has been used for research questions and scored by managers, branch heads and banking experts. A combined method has been used in the collection of research statistical data. At first, the concepts of green banking and ethical banking have been explained by using the library method and conducting free theoretical and field studies. In the following, with the Delphi technique and obtaining the opinions of relevant experts and experts, the most important factors affecting the tendency of the banking network to implement green banking have been calculated. In the following, the remaining important factors have been added to the set of factors with the method of intellectual generation.
Results and Discussion
Based on the results of the research, four main economic, structural, managerial and social criteria were identified in order to influence this tendency. In the sub-criteria section, the high inflation rate, the relative cheapness of energy prices and the presence of profitable parallel markets along with green deposits are mentioned as the most important reasons for the low tendency towards green banking. Also, the laws and regulations and the legal system, the recruitment system, the promotion and encouragement of bank managers and employees, the central bank's supervisory system, the senior managers' attitudes towards environmental issues, corporate governance, the bank's internal supervision, the attention to green banking in the selection and decision Customers, society's attitude towards environmental issues and the culture of demand among the most important sub-criteria affecting the trend of the Iranian banking towards green banking have been evaluated and introduced.
Conclusions
This research tried to identify and analyze the factors affecting the tendency of Iranian banking network towards green banking with a more comprehensive explanation of green banking and by using theoretical studies and international experiences and obtaining opinions from relevant experts and experts. Based on the research results, four main structural, economic, managerial and social factors influencing this trend were identified. Surveys showed that in the first place, economic factors were more effective than other factors in the trend of the banking towards green banking. Also, in the following categories, structural, managerial and social factors have the most influence on the trend of the country's banking network towards green banking. It is suggested that for the greater desire and tendency of the banking to implement and realize green banking, it is necessary to improve the economic components with the aim of more stabilization, inflation control, strengthening of supervisory dimensions and balance sheet reform of the banking network. Also, reforming the legal system in the supervision and support of green bankers, reforming the incentive and recruitment system, strengthening the attitude of senior bank managers and the general public to the necessity of protecting the environment, as well as reviewing the frameworks and processes of corporate governance in banks with a green perspective to encourage Iranian banking, is necessary towards green banking. In the meantime, undoubtedly the role of the central bank as the supervisory body and upstream regulatory body in reforming the general structures of the banking system and improving the management situation of the public sector of the banking network can be useful and effective in increasing the tendency of banks to establish green banking and comply with its criteria.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Economic Factors
- Ethical Banking
- Green Banking
- Iran
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