Agricultural Economics
S.E. Alavi; M. Mohammadi
Abstract
Environment quality and its determinants are one of the main challenges of the present and future of humanity and sustainable development is interpreted in the direction of preserving and improving the environment. In recent years, many studies have been conducted on the factors affecting environmental ...
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Environment quality and its determinants are one of the main challenges of the present and future of humanity and sustainable development is interpreted in the direction of preserving and improving the environment. In recent years, many studies have been conducted on the factors affecting environmental quality. One of the main topics that have been less considered in the related studies is the impact of governance on the quality of the environment. In this study, the impact of good governance components, including economic freedom, trade freedom, and political freedom, on the Environmental Performance Index (EPI) and its sub-indices including environmental health, ecosystem vitality, and climate change is investigated. The data required for statistical analysis are related to Middle East and North Africa region countries and Turkiye (MENAT) during 2000-2021. The panel data method was used to estimate the model and examine the relationship between the variables. The findings show that there is a positive and significant relationship between economic freedom and political freedom with the environmental performance index (EPI), and there is no significant relationship between trade freedom and EPI. In addition, the study found that economic freedom had a detrimental effect on ecosystem vitality and climate change, leading to negative impacts in these areas. However, it had a positive impact on environmental health, indicating that it contributed positively to this aspect. On the other hand, political freedom was observed to have a positive effect on the vitality of the ecosystem and climate change. However, it did not have a significant impact on the overall health of the environment, suggesting that its influence was more prominent in specific areas related to ecosystem vitality and climate change. The result of this research showed that economic freedom has led to more investment in the oil and gas sector of MENA countries, and therefore wastewater and gas emissions have had a negative impact on the vitality of the environment and climate change, but with the increase in production and sales of oil and Gas, per capita income of countries has increased, and environmental health has improved. Also, considering that political freedom among the MENA region has a lot of diversity, the results showed that the countries with more political freedom, through greater awareness of the society and more accountability of the governments and the establishment of environmental protection laws, had a positive impact on the environment. Of course, the environmental health index is more influenced by the economic situation and per capita production of countries and political freedom has little effect on it.
Agricultural Economics
M. Mohammadi; S.E. Alavi
Abstract
Due to increase of consumption of fast foods in Iran, the factors affecting the consumption level of sausages, salami and hamburgers have been investigated in this study. For this purpose, we investigated the probability of each household being in groups of non-consumption, low consumption, medium consumption ...
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Due to increase of consumption of fast foods in Iran, the factors affecting the consumption level of sausages, salami and hamburgers have been investigated in this study. For this purpose, we investigated the probability of each household being in groups of non-consumption, low consumption, medium consumption and high consumption using an ordered logit model and data of 396 households of Mashhad, in 2020. The results of the ordered logit model indicated that variables such as price, income, consumption of other meats and education level of consumers do not have a statistically significant effect on the level of consumption of prepared meat products. While variables such as awareness of the existence and effects of nitrite, information about cheating in the product and awareness about the materials used in the ready-made foods have a negative and significant effect on the probability of consuming these kinds of foods. Accessibility of households to the fast foods and households' trust in the producers also have a positive effect on the likelihood of consuming the ready-to-eat meat products under question. Regarding the importance of controlling fast food consumption in society, we concluded that improving awareness of consumers about the properties of fast foods and their consequences effects on health could be considered as an important tool to control fast food consumption