نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی
نویسندگان
گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران
چکیده
وابستگی کشاورزی به شرایط محیطی باعث شده فعالیت در این بخش با مخاطرات طبیعی و غیرطبیعی مواجه باشد. باگذشت چندین سال از فعالیت بیمه کشاورزی در استان خراسان رضوی، بخش عمدهای از کشاورزان پسته کار بیمه نشدهاند. بیمه خشکسالی یکی از روشهایی است که برای پوشش ریسکهای بروز خشکسالی و کمبود منابع آبی اهمیت پیدا کرده است تا بخشی از خسارتهای باغداران را جبران کند. با توجه به اهمیت این موضوع در این پژوهش، با استفاده از رویکرد کمّی و در چارچوب الگوهای اقتصادسنجی، تحلیل رفتار بیمهای کشاورزان درزمینهی کشت پسته در شهرستان سبزوار انجام شد، هدف اصلی آن تعیین سیاستگذاری عملیاتی برای توسعه بیمه خشکسالی بوده است. در این راستا برای بررسی سیاستهای تأثیرگذار برای توسعه بیمه خشکسالی پسته در شهرستان سبزوار و نیز سنجش میزان مشارکت باغداران در این طرح بیمهای، از الگوی توبیت دومرحلهای هکمن استفاده شد. 150 نفر از باغداران پستهکاری شهرستان سبزوار به روش نمونهگیری تصادفی انتخابشده و کلیه پرسشنامهها از طریق مصاحبه حضوری در سال 1398 تکمیل شد. نتایج برآورد الگوی توبیت دومرحلهای هکمن نشان داد متغیرهای مالکیت، سن، ارتباط رشته تحصیلی باغدار با کشاورزی، محل سکونت، تنوع کشت، وجود باغ پسته بیمهشده در همسایگی، فراوانی ریسک، مجموع ساعات آب مصرفی و عمر باغ در مرحله اول برآورد الگوی توبیت دومرحلهای هکمن (الگوی پروبیت) و متغیرهای سابقه باغداری پسته، فراوانی ریسک، عمر باغ و مجموع ساعات آب مصرفی در مرحله دوم الگوی توبیت دومرحلهای هکمن (رگرسیون خطی) دارای علامت ثبتشده است. همچنین متغیرهای چگونگی آشنایی با بیمه پسته، سابقه باغداری پسته و میزان عملکرد در هکتار در مرحله اول، و متغیرهای ارتباط رشته تحصیلی باغدار با کشاورزی، محل سکونت، سن، چگونگی آشنایی با بیمه پسته، میزان عملکرد در هکتار، تنوع کشت، وجود باغ پسته بیمهشده در همسایگی و مالکیت در مرحله دوم برآورد الگوی دومرحلهای هکمن، علامت منفی گرفتند. با توجه به نتایج بهدستآمده در رابطه با تأثیر مثبت تحصیلات بر تمایل به توسعه بیمه، باید مسئولین زمینه لازم را برای تحصیل آسانتر کشاورزان و باغداران فراهم آورند؛ همچنین با توجه به علامت منفی بهدستآمده برای متغیر سابقه باغداری پیشنهاد میشود که کشاورزان را با این موضوع آشنا کرده که بیمه کشاورزی نوعی مکانیسم مکمل برای مدیریت ریسک در این بخش بهحساب میآید و مانعی برای گسترش تجربه آنان نیست.
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
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