نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری
2 دانشگاه کردستان
چکیده
در مطالعه حاضر با استفاده از رویکرد تحلیل پوششی داده‌ها ابتدا به برآورد مقادیر ابرکارایی و رتبه‌بندی واحدهای صنعتی پرورش گاو شیری در شهرستان های سقز و دیواندره پرداخته شد. سپس به منظور اطمینان از نااریب بودن نمرات ابرکارآیی به دست آمده، با استفاده از مدل اصلاح شدة بنکر و گیفورد، با نرمال‌سازی و حذف برخی از واحدهای پرت بر اساس سطوح از پیش تعیین شده، نمرات کارایی مجدداً به روش معمولی محاسبه و نتایج به دست آمده با هم مقایسه شدند. بدین منظور، اطلاعات موردنیاز جهت محاسبة کارایی، به صورت میدانی و با مصاحبه و تکمیل پرسشنامه از کل 19 واحد فعال برای سال 1392 جمع آوری شد. نتایج نشان داد، در مجموع حدود 58 درصد از گاوداری‌های شیری منطقة مورد مطالعه، ناکارا بوده وحدود 42 درصد از کل واحدها ابرکارایی کمتر از سطح میانگین را کسب کردند. کارایی واحدها با استفاده از مدل ابرکارایی و کارایی معمولی در تحلیل پوششی داده ها با همدیگر مقایسه و واحدهای ناکارا، نمرات کارایی و ابرکارایی یکسانی گرفتند و واحدهای کارایی که نمره ابرکارایی آن‌ها بزرگ‌تر و مساوی یک شده بود، در روش معمولی بر روی تابع تولید مرزی قرار گرفتند. به منظور تعیین حساسیت نتایج نسبت به حذف واحدهای پرت، سه سطح مختلف به عنوان مبنا برای شناسایی واحدهای پرت در نظر گرفته شد. نتایج مورد بررسی نشان داد که ضریب همبستگی، تنها در سطح 1 ≤پایین بوده که نشان می‌دهد، وجود واحدهای پرت بر روی نمرات کارایی تأثیرگذار می باشد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Studying the Efficiency of Industrial Dairy Farms of Saqqez and Divandarreh Cities: Using Super-Efficiency Approach
نویسندگان [English]
- S.J. Mohammadi 1
- S.A. Hosseini Yekani 1
- H. Ghaderzadeh 2
1 Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University
2 University of Kurdistan
چکیده [English]
Introduction: In the developed world, particularly in developing countries, livestock is the most important agricultural sub-sector.Livestock of primary and secondary industries has an especial place in the national economybecause of their greatvalue of products, creating job opportunities, providing health products for consumers, increasing export income of the economy throughaccessing global markets of livestock products and finally their undeniable role in acquiring food security.The demand for milk in Iran increased due to an increase in population and the amount of milk production was also increased. The great share of increased produced milk goes to the industrial dairy farms. One of the major methods to increase the amount of milk production continually is to make its production efficient and improve economic conditions. The current study attempts to determine the efficiency and ranking of industrial dairy farms in Saqqez and Divandarreh cities using super-efficiency model.
Materials and Methods: The statistical populations of the study are all active industrial dairy farms of Saqqez and Divandarreh cities which are about 19 farms. The required data for calculating the efficiency were gathered by surveying and completing questionnaires for the year 2013. In this study first, for each farm Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method and GAMS software package were used to estimate super efficiency. Super efficiency is a form of modified DEA model in which each farm can get an efficiency greater than one. Then in order to make sure about being unbiased the obtained super-efficiency scores, the modified model of Banker and Gifford, was re-estimated and the conventional efficiency scores of farms were compared by normalizing and removing some of the scores of outlier farm based on pre-selected screens. The model has suggested conditions for which some of the estimates for dairy farms might have been contaminated with error.As a t result, it has been ranked as an efficient farm.
Results and Discussion: The statistical description of the farms studied showed that, the highest and lowest amount of produced milk from one dairy were in the range of 845 and 250 kg per month. The super efficiency estimation showed that the mean of farms'super efficiency based on the assumption of variable return to scale for input-oriented is 1.01. About 58 per cent of the studied dairy cattle farms were inefficient and the Super-efficiency of about 42 per cent of total farms got scores under the average. The amount of λ_k^* for all farms except for farms 3 and 5 has become 0. Furthermore, these two farms in primitive super efficiency model have become infeasible. Therefore, they have been considered as reference farms. The results of super-efficiency method and efficiency conventional DEA method were compared together and inefficient farms got the similar efficiency and super-efficiency scores, and efficient farms whose super-efficiency score had been equaled or more than 1, stand over frontier production function in the conventional model. To determine the sensitivity of results to removing the outliers, three different levels (1
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Data Envelopment Analysis
- Dairy Farms
- Outlier Farms
- Saqqez and Divandarreh Cities
- Super-Efficiency
)
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