نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی به زبان انگلیسی
نویسندگان
گروه کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران
چکیده
هدف کلی مطالعه حاضر، بررسی امکان تجمیع انواع حبوبات و همچنین انواع قند و شکر در گروههایی به ترتیب با عنوان "حبوبات" و "قند و شکر" با بهره گیری از آزمون فرضیه انفرادی و چندگانه است. آزمون فرضیه انفرادی شامل قضیه کالای مرکب (لئونتیف و هیکس)، و قضیه کالای مرکب تعمیم یافته و آزمون فرضیه چندگانه شامل روشهای بن فرونی، سیمز، هولم، و هاچبرگ میباشد. همچنین نتایج حاصل از روشهای مذکور با هم مقایسه شده است. دادههای مورد نیاز مطالعه از مرکز آمار ایران برای دوره 1385 تا 1397 اخذ گردید. نتایج آزمونهای چندگانه بن فرونی، سیمز و هاچبرگ برای انواع حبوبات نشان داد که به استثنای " نخود و لوبیا مخلوط"، سایر محصولات در گروه حبوبات قرار میگیرند. همچنین بر اساس نتایج روشهای بن فرونی، سیمز، هولم و هاچبرگ، انواع شکر و انواع قند در گروه قند و شکر قابل تجمیع میباشند. نتایج آزمون فرضیه انفرادی درخصوص انواع حبوبات و انواع قند و شکر، یکسان نیستند. به عبارت دیگر، بر اساس روش لئونتیف، فرضیه جمعسازی انواع حبوبات با یکدیگر تایید نشد در حالی که بر اساس روش کالای مرکب هیکس، این فرضیه مورد تایید قرار گرفت. به طور مشابه، بر اساس روش لئونتیف، فرضیه جمعسازی انواع قند و انواع شکر با یکدیگر رد شد در حالی که بر اساس روش کالای مرکب هیکس، این فرضیه مورد تایید قرار گرفت. نتایج آزمون فرضیه کالای مرکب تعمیم یافته نیز نشان داد که همه انواع حبوبات به جز "سایر انواع لوبیا"، قابل تجمیع در یک گروه تحت عنوان حبوبات میباشند. انواع قند و شکر نیز مطابق روش کالای مرکب تعمیم یافته قابل تجمیع در یک گروه تحت عنوان قند و شکر هستند. بر اساس نتایج، هنگامی که شمار مشاهدات کم باشد، استفاده از آزمونهای انفرادی و به طور مشخص آزمون کالای مرکب تعمیم یافته، نتایج یکسانی را نشان نخواهند داد که این نتیجه تاییدی است بر یافتههای دیویس (2003) مبنی بر اینکه آزمون کالای مرکب تعمیم یافته تضمین کننده تجمیع مناسب کالاها در زمان کم بودن تعداد مشاهدهها نیست. در این شرایط انجام آزمونهای چندگانه نیز پیشنهاد میشود.
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
Comparison of Single and Multiple Hypotheses Test of Aggregation the “Pulses” and “Sugar and Sugar Cubes” in Urban Areas of Iran
نویسندگان [English]
- A. Mahmoodi
- Y. Azarinfar
Department of Agriculture, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]
The main purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of aggregation different types of pulses as well as sugar, using the single and multiple hypotheses test. The former hypothesis tests include Composite Commodity Theorem (Leontief and Hicks) and Generalized Composite Commodity Theorem (GCCT) and the latter hypothesis tests include the Bonferroni, Simes, Holm, and Hochberg procedures and the results of mentioned methods were compared. Data of the period 2006-2018 for this study were obtained from the Statistics Center of Iran..The results of multiple tests of Bonferroni, Simes and Hochberg for different types of pulses showed that with the exception of “mixed pea and bean”, other products can be aggregated into the group of Pulses. Also, based on the results of Bonferroni, Simes, Holm and Hochberg, different types of sugar can be aggregated into the group of Sugar. The results of the individual hypothesis test are not the same for different types of pulses and different types of sugar. In other words, according to Leontief method, the hypothesis of aggregate the different types of beans together was not confirmed, while according to Hicks method, this hypothesis was confirmed. Similarly, according to the Leontief method, the hypothesis of aggregate the different types of sugar together was rejected, while according to the Hicks method, this hypothesis was confirmed. The result of the GCCT showed that all types of pulses (except “other beans”) can be aggregated into the Pulses group. The types of sugar can also be aggregated into the Sugar group according to the generalized composite method. Based on the results, when the number of observations is low, the use of single tests and specifically the GCCT will not show the exactly same results, which confirms Davis (2003) finding that the GCCT does not guarantee proper aggregation of goods. In these cases, multiple tests would be recommended.
کلیدواژهها [English]
- Aggregation
- Multiple hypotheses test
- Pulses
- Single hypothesis test
- Sugar
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