برآورد ارزش اقتصادی خسارات سازه‌های آبی بر محیط‌زیست (مطالعه موردی سد زاینده‌رود)

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

دانشگاه اردکان

چکیده

با توجه به تغییرات اقلیمی و عدم توازن در بارندگی در تمام طول سال، کمبود آب یک بحران اساسی در استان اصفهان بوده است، لذا ارائه راهکارها و دستورالعمل‌هایی که منطبق با شرایط اقلیمی کشور می‌باشد کمک شایانی به عبور از وضعیت بحران‌زای فعلی می‌نماید. در این راستا طرح‌های آبخیزداری (سد) یکی از راهکارهای مورد استفاده در مقابله با این بحران‌ها بوده است. اما ساخت‌وساز افراطی این سازه در کشور خسارات جبران‌ناپذیری را بر محیط‌زیست وارد ساخته است. هدف از پژوهش حاضر برآورد اثرات زیست‌محیطی سد زاینده‌رود بوده است. به‌منظور محاسبه خسارات وارده به محیط‌زیست از روش آزمون انتخاب بر پایه‌ی ترجیحات اظهار شده استفاده ‌شده است. دادهای تحقیق با استفاده از روش میدانی و طرح دی اپتیمال و توزیع 150 پرسشنامه در مناطق اطراف رودخانه در زمان‌های مختلف به لحاظ باز بودن و بسته بودن آب رودخانه در سال 1396 جمع‌آوری گردید. به‌منظور برآورد الگو از الگوهای لاجیت ساده، شرطی و آشیانه‌ای استفاده گردید. که درنهایت مدل لاجیت آشیانه‌ای به‌عنوان مدل ارجح اثرات انتخاب گردید. مقدار تمایل به پرداخت نهایی محاسبه‌ شده برای بهبود ویژگی‌های تفریحی، حمایت از گونه‌های گیاهی، حمایت از گونه‌های جانوری و حمایت از تالاب گاوخونی به ترتیب 1176، 610، 566، 852 هزار ریال در سال برای هر خانوار برآورد گردید. نتایج نشان می‌دهد منطقه‌ی مورد مطالعه از اهمیت و ارزش بالایی برخوردار بوده لذا مدیریت و برنامه‌ریزی دقیق جهت کاهش اثرات زیست‌محیطی ضروری می‌باشد.

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