نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی به زبان انگلیسی
نویسندگان
1 گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران
2 دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، گیلان، ایران
چکیده
تأثیر منفی و مخرب پدیده تغییر اقلیم بر عملکرد و بهرهوری عوامل تولید کشاورزی در بسیاری از مناطق جهان بهخصوص در مناطق خشک و نیمهخشک به اثبات رسیده است. در این راستا، اتخاذ راهبردهای نوآورانه برای افزایش انعطافپذیری و سازگاری کشاورزان به منظور تطبیق با تغییرات اقلیمی گسترش یافته است. بنابراین، آگاهی از میزان اثرگذاری راهبردهای تطبیق با اقلیم بر میزان کارایی و عملکرد زراعین حائز اهمیت است. بر این اساس، در پژوهش حاضر، تأثیر راهبردهای تطبیق با تغییر اقلیم همراه با مصرف نهادهها و عوامل خارج از کنترل کشاورز برکارایی فنی با استفاده از مدل مرزی تصادفی اصلاحشده درونزا (EMSF) ارزیابی شد. دادهها ازطریق تکمیل 265 پرسشنامه درسال زراعی 1401-1400 و به روش نمونهگیری تصادفی چندمرحلهای برای تولیدکنندگان گندم در منطقه سیستان جمعآوری شد. به منظور ساختن شاخص تطبیق از روش تجزیه و تحلیل مؤلفه اصلی (PCA) استفاده شد. نتایج PCA نشان داد تغییر اندازه زمین (812/0) خاکورزی حفاظتی (797/0) و تغییر تاریخ کشت (619/0) بیشترین بار عاملی و استفاده از آب باران (219/0) و استفاده از کودهای زیستی (327/0) کمترین بار عاملی راهبردهای تطبیق در بین کشاورزان را دارند. دراین مطالعه، میانگین کارایی فنی گندمکاران 82 درصد محاسبه شد. نتایج برآورد مدل نشان داد که مساعدت نهادههای نیروی کار، سموم شیمیایی، کود شیمیایی، آب و ماشینآلات به کارایی تولید گندم از نظر آماری مثبت و معنیدار است و با اجرای راهبردهای تطبیق با اقلیم توسط کشاورزان، میزان ناکارایی فنی کاهش مییابد. همچنین، متغیرهای سطح تحصیلات، تجربه کشاورزی، دسترسی به اطلاعات اقلیمی و دسترسی به اعتبارات در کاهش ناکارایی فنی مؤثرند.
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
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