بهینه‌سازی الگوی کشت در چارچوب اهداف کشاورزی اقلیم-هوشمند: مطالعه موردی شبکه آبیاری درودزن- ایران

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی به زبان انگلیسی

نویسندگان

• درنا جهانگیرپور
• منصور زیبایی

گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران

https://doi.org/10.22067/jead.2021.73325.1095

چکیده

سیستم­های نوین آبیاری به عنوان یک راهبرد انطباقی برای مدیریت اثرات تغییر اقلیم و بهبود امنیت آب در نظر گرفته می­شود. استفاده از چنین سیستم­هایی علاوه بر صرفه­جویی در مصرف آب، چالش­هایی را در زمینه افزایش مصرف انرژی و انتشار گازهای گلخانه­ای ایجاد کرده است. اگرچه برخی از مطالعات اخیر تحلیل‌های ارزنده­ای از رابطه بین آب و انرژی در سیستم‌های آبیاری کشاورزی ارائه کرده‌اند، اما توجه همزمان به بهره‌وری، سازگاری و کاهش اثرات مخرب محیط زیستی در بهینه‌سازی الگوی کشت یک سیستم کشاورزی به عنوان یک ضرورت اساسی  کمتر مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. کشاورزی اقلیم-هوشمند به عنوان یک مفهوم برنامه­ای قوی که به این سه هدف می‌پردازد، پتانسیل یک راه‌حل برد سه­جانبه را ایجاد کرده است. این مطالعه با توسعه یک مدل یکپارچه اقتصادی-هیدرولوژیکی-محیط­زیستی به نام WECSAM در سطح حوضه، متشکل از یک مدل هیدرولوژیکی به نامWEAP و یک مدل بهینه‌سازی چند-هدفه و ترکیب آن با مفاهیم ردپای آب، ردپای انرژی و انتشار گازهای گلخانه­ای در چارچوب کشاورزی اقلیم-هوشمند، در جهت پر کردن این خلأ است.  این مدل برای منطقه شمالی حوضه آبریز بختگان به نام شبکه آبیاری درودزن اجرا شد. نتایج مدل WECSAM نشان داد که با بهینه‌سازی همزمان اهداف متناقض حداکثرسازی سود اقتصادی و حداقل­سازی ردپای آب، ردپای انرژی و انتشار دی­اکسید کربن، در مقایسه با مدل تک-‌هدفه حداکثرسازی سود، باعث کاهش 2/8 درصد ردپای آب، کاهش 2/21 درصد ردپای انرژی، کاهش 9/6 درصد انتشار انتشار دی اکسید کربن و کاهش 4/7 درصد سود اقتصادی می­شود. سهم سیستم قطره‌ای در آبیاری الگوی کشت آب-هوشمند، انرژی-هوشمند و اقلیم-هوشمند 5/54 درصد و برای سیستم بارانی نیمه متحرک 2/26 درصد است، در حالی که سیستم بارانی کلاسیک ثابت کمتر از یک درصد از آبیاری الگوی کشت بهینه را به خود اختصاص می­دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• سیستم‌های آبیاری
• الگوی کشت
• کشاورزی اقلیم-هوشمند
• بهینه‌سازی چندهدفه
• رد پای آب
• ‏انتشار CO2

20.1001.1.20084722.1400.35.4.8.4

موضوعات

• اقتصاد کشاورزی

عنوان مقاله [English]

Cropping Pattern Optimization in the Context of Climate-Smart Agriculture: A Case Study for Doroodzan Irrigation Network- Iran

نویسندگان [English]

• D. Jahangirpour
• M. Zibaei

Department of Agricultural Economics, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran

چکیده [English]

Modern irrigation systems are considered as a way to both respond to the effects of climate changes and improve the water security. Applying such systems, save the water used in farming activities and consequently made some environmental challenges in terms of increasing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Although some recent studies analyzed the relationship between water and energy in the agricultural irrigation systems, considering the objectives on productivity, adaptation, and mitigation in a cropping pattern optimization problem is necessary. Climate-Smart agriculture as a strong programming concept, addresses these three objectives and has created the potential for a "triple-win" solution. This study is an effort to fill the study gap on triple-win solution in modern irrigation by developing an integrated economic-hydrological-environmental model called WECSAM at the basin level using a hydrological model called WEAP. For this purpose, a multi-objective optimization model has been developed with the concepts of water footprint, energy footprint, and the greenhouse gas emissions in the context of CSA. We applied the model to the northern region of Bakhtegan basin called Doroodzan irrigation network located in Iran. The result of the WECSAM model indicated that by simultaneously optimizing the conflicting objectives of maximizing profit and minimizing water footprint, energy footprint, and CO₂ emissions, as compared to the single-objective model of maximizing economic profit, the water footprint decreases by 8.2%, Energy footprint decreases by 21.2%, CO₂ emissions decreases by 6.9% and profit decreases by 7.4%. The share of each system in irrigating the water-smart, energy-smart, and climate-smart cropping pattern is as follow: 54% for drip system, 26% for semi-permanent sprinkler system, 11% for surface systems, 8% for center-pivot, and <1% for classic permanent sprinkler system.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Cropping Pattern
• Climate-Smart Agriculture
• CO2 Emission
• Irrigation Systems
• Multi-objective Optimization
• Water Footprint

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