نقش تلنگرها در حفاظت از منابع طبیعی: رویکرد اقتصاد رفتاری

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه اقتصاد، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران

10.22067/jead.2024.83838.1213

چکیده

حفاظت از منابع طبیعی همواره دغدغه دولت‌ها و مردم بوده است. تجارب دولت‌ها نشان‌دهنده آن است که بدون مشارکت مردم، برنامه حفاظت از منابع طبیعی توفیق چندانی حاصل نخواهد کرد. از این رو، هدف اصلی پژوهش حاضر، معرفی مجموعه تلنگرهای اقتصاد رفتاری برای همیاران طبیعت در جهت حفاظت از منابع طبیعی است. ابزار این بررسی، پرسشنامه و نمونه‌گیری در دسترس از 213 نفر به شکل دو گروه درمان و کنترل است. برای بررسی اثربخشی تلنگرها از مدل پروبیت ترتیبی و مدل حداقل مربعات معمولی استفاده شده است. بدین منظور، نوزده تلنگر به‌منظور جلب مشارکت مردم در حوزه­‌های مختلف طراحی شدند. نتایج حاصل از تخمین مدل‌ها نشان داد که 14 تلنگر اقتصاد رفتاری همچون اثر لنگر و مثال‌زدن، شخصی­‌سازی، اثر طعمه، سوگیری تأیید مرجعیت، اثر ارابه‌ای، سوگیری به حال و غیره، اثر معنی­داری بر موضوعات منتخب این پژوهش همچون مشارکت آسان برای اطفای حریق، میزان معرفی افراد در قالب همیار طبیعت، انتخاب وظایف، عضویت در انجمن‌ها، عضویت در انجمن خاص، بازیافت زباله و غیره، در جهت حفاظت از منابع طبیعی داشتند. تمامی تلنگرهای اثر بخش به غیر از تلنگرهای پیش‌فرض هنجاری و محدودیت زمان اثر مثبت و معنی‌داری بر گروه درمان داشتند. برای تلنگرهای پیش‌فرض هنجاری و محدودیت زمان اثر منفی و معنی­داری، به‌ترتیب، بر کاشت نهال و زمان ثبت درخواست همکاری یافت شد. این اثر منفی با توجه به ماهیت موضوعات، تأثیرگذاری تلنگرها را نمایان می‌سازد. نتایج پژوهش حاضر این پیام را دربردارد که هرکدام از این تلنگرها به‌عنوان یک ابزار سیاستی می‌توانند تأثیر مثبت و قابل توجهی بر جلب مشارکت مردم در جهت حفظ منابع طبیعی برجای بگذارند و به‌عنوان یک نقشه راه، اهداف جلب مشارکت مردم را در موضوعات مختلف جامعه عمل بپوشانند.

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موضوعات

©2024 The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source.

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 17 مهر 1402
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 21 فروردین 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 25 فروردین 1403

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