انتقال مجازی آب از طریق تجارت بین استانی غلات در ایران

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

دانشگاه شیراز

چکیده

آب در ایران یک منبع کمیاب می‌باشد و توسعه اقتصادی و اجتماعی سریع به همراه رشد جمعیت منجر به افزایش فشار برمنابع آب در کشور شده است. مطالعه حاضر به اندازه‌گیری مجموع ردپای آب گندم، جو و ذرت دانه‌ای در استان‌های کشور در سال 1395 پرداخته‌است. میزان مازاد عرضه و تقاضای محصولات مذکور در سطح هر استان محاسبه و با استفاده از ردپای آب هر محصول در هر استان، شبکه تجارت آب مجازی غلات در سطح کشور بدست آمده است. به منظور شناسایی مقاصد هر استان صادرکننده و حداقل کردن هزینه حمل و نقل از مدل حمل و نقل استفاده شده است. نتایج مطالعه حاضر نشان داد که استان تهران بزرگ‌ترین واردکننده غلات در کشور بوده که حجم بالایی از واردات آن از استان‌های کرمانشاه، مرکزی و همدان صورت می‌گیرد. استان‌های گلستان و کرمانشاه به ترتیب بزرگترین صادرکننده گندم و جو بوده‌اند که عمده صادرات استان گلستان به استان‌های خراسان و سیستان و بلوچستان بر اساس مدل حمل و نقل می‌باشد. استان کرمانشاه، بیشترین صادرات محصول جو را به استان‌های آذربایجان‌غربی، تهران، زنجان و کردستان انجام می‌دهد که نشان دهنده بیشترین میزان انتقال آب مجازی از طریق صادرات محصول جو می‌باشد به استان‌های مذکور می‌باشد. در سال 1395، 6/5 میلیون تن ذرت دانه‌ای به کشور وارد شده که مازاد تقاضای تمام استان‌های کشور را پوشش داده و منجر به ورود آب مجازی به کشور شده‌ است.

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