M. Salarpour; S. Mojarad; M. Sabouhi
Abstract
In the present study, pistachio production and trade and influential factors on its exports in Iran and the USA are compared the the .Using the annual data from 1970 to 2011; this study aimed to analyze the effects of pistachio price and the effects of food security. Moreover, the relationship between ...
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In the present study, pistachio production and trade and influential factors on its exports in Iran and the USA are compared the the .Using the annual data from 1970 to 2011; this study aimed to analyze the effects of pistachio price and the effects of food security. Moreover, the relationship between exchange rate and pistachio export in the Iranian economy was analyzed through examining a non linear relation between the two factors. Therefore, the hypothesis validation upon nonlinearity relationship between exchange rate and pistachio export was analyzed using smooth transition autoregressive model (STAR). The results of smooth transition model (STAR) show that there is a nonlinear Granger causality between exchange rate and pistachio export and vice versa. It is therefore recommended ,in order to determine the threshold level of potential benefits of pistachio exports, the existence of the nonlinear relationship between the dynamic exchange rate and pistachio exports should be considered. Furthermore, in order to maintain market share in the international level, understanding target markets of export and achieving complete information upon the position of the major competitors in the production and trade of Pistachio is essential.
M. Sabuhi; E. Mojarad
Abstract
AbstractAtrak Basin is an agricultural area in North Khorasan province that the most farmers are using from groundwater resources for irrigation their crops. Decreasing rainfall in recent years in this area, competition between urban, agriculture and industrial consumers has increased for water acquisition. ...
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AbstractAtrak Basin is an agricultural area in North Khorasan province that the most farmers are using from groundwater resources for irrigation their crops. Decreasing rainfall in recent years in this area, competition between urban, agriculture and industrial consumers has increased for water acquisition. In present study, game theory was applied for groundwater resources management of Atrak Basin. Optimal extraction quantity of groundwater resources were quantified with using Pareto frontier curve and four conflict resolution methods for 6 alternative groundwater extraction scenarios. The results showed that, when environmental and economic objectives are assigned equal weight or importance, the best scenario is to extract between 64 and 117 million cubic meters each year. Ultimately, optimal decision making depends on the relative importance weights assigned to the conflicting objectives.
