J. Khazaee; M. Hoshmand
Abstract
Productivity shocks are one of the most important factors that influence the firms ‘ decisions on he optimal consumption of production inputs. Unobservable productivity shocks create selection and simultaneity problems causing biased estimates of production function by ordinary least squares. However, ...
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Productivity shocks are one of the most important factors that influence the firms ‘ decisions on he optimal consumption of production inputs. Unobservable productivity shocks create selection and simultaneity problems causing biased estimates of production function by ordinary least squares. However, to estimate coefficients associated with production function by Levinsohn and Petrin technique, coefficients associated with intermediate inputs are used as a proxy variable. It is therefore argued that when firms face productivity shocks, intermediate inputs will be moderated by firms. In this approach, because of the nonlinear and nonparametric controlls on productivity shocks, some unbiased estimates could be achieved. To examine this hypothesis, a data set from 11 provinces of Iran during the years between 2000 and 2008 was collected. For the collected data set, a production function of wheat was estimated using the three techniques of OLS, random effects and Levinsohn and Petrin method. Based on the results, ordinary least square had an upwardly biased estimate of water and fertilizer, while the OLS showed downwardly biased estimates of capital. Therefore to control the bias due to simultaneity and selection problems, nonparametric methods should be used to model unobservable productivity shocks. In addition result shows that productivity shocks in wheat farms of the selected provinces, are moderated by adjusting the input demand, and thus, there is a significant correlation between input adjustment and productivity shocks.
Z. Abdollahi; M. Hooshmand; M. Daneshnia; Z. Eskandaripour
Abstract
AbstractIn the recent decades, the Iranian Economy has been highly depended on Oil revenues. Considering the fact that a great part of non-oil exports are agricultures product, studying factors influencing growth of agricultural sector plays an important role in the Iran's economy. Supply domestic shocks ...
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AbstractIn the recent decades, the Iranian Economy has been highly depended on Oil revenues. Considering the fact that a great part of non-oil exports are agricultures product, studying factors influencing growth of agricultural sector plays an important role in the Iran's economy. Supply domestic shocks and domestic demand pressure along with deviation of exchange rates from its equilibrium, have significant effects on the growth of agricultural sector. In this study, we examine the impact of supply and demand shocks on the economic growth, using the model of Blanchard and Quah and the method of Vector Auto Regression. The study data was obtained from the annual statistics during the years 1972-2007. The results revealed that the growth of agricultural sector is more sensitive to supply shocks than to demand shocks.
M. Hooshmand; M. Hasannejad
Abstract
AbstractThis study has been investigated viewpoint of border cooperative society members of their activities in Khorasan Razavi, first step was evaluated satisfaction's member of performance indicators cooperatives, Next step each of the indicators were prioritized according to members satisfaction using ...
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AbstractThis study has been investigated viewpoint of border cooperative society members of their activities in Khorasan Razavi, first step was evaluated satisfaction's member of performance indicators cooperatives, Next step each of the indicators were prioritized according to members satisfaction using entropy method. Finally, the results of these two methods have been compared together. Data are obtained from 382 questionnaires which were completed by border cooperative society's members in 2008. Results showed satisfaction's member of economic indicators has been at a lower level compared to other functional aspects of cooperative. However, maximum satisfaction is for directorial performance of these cooperative. Ranking results using entropy method has confirmed results of CSM method. Finally, recommendations to improve performance of these cooperative Societies were supplied.JEL: F13, F19, J54, R11
