تحلیل اقتصادی اثرات تغییر اقلیم ناشی از انتشار گازهای گلخانه ای بر تولیدات بخش کشاورزی و منابع آب دردسترس (مطالعه موردی: اراضی پایین دست سد طالقان)

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه بین الملل امام خمینی (ره) قزوین

2 دانشگاه پیام نور تهران شرق

3 دانشگاه زابل

چکیده

در این مطالعه، ابتدا با بهره‌گیری از داده های سری زمانی سال های 1378-1360 و مدل های گردش عمومی (GCM) اثرات گازهای گلخانه‌ای بر متغیرهای اقلیمی دما و بارش تحت سناریوهای انتشار A1B، A2 و B1 ارزیابی شد. در ادامه، جهت بررسی میزان اثرگذاری متغیرهای اقلیمی بر عملکرد محصولات منتخب از روش حداقل مربعات معمولی (OLS) استفاده شد. با لحاظ نمودن نتایج تحلیل رگرسیونی در مدل برنامه‌ریزی ریاضی مثبت (PMP)، تغییرات به وجود آمده در تولیدات بخش کشاورزی، سود ناخالص کشاورزان و ارزش اقتصادی آب آبیاری نسبت به سال پایه تحلیل و بررسی شد. داده های موردنیاز از طریق ایستگاه های هواشناسی و ادارات ذی‌ربط در استان قزوین جمع‌آوری شد. تخمین توابع رگرسیونی در بسته نرم افزاری EViews و حل مدل PMP در نرم‌افزار GAMS صورت گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که با انتشار گازهای گلخانه ای تحت سناریوهای مورد بررسی، میانگین سالانه متغیرهای اقلیمی دما و بارش به ترتیب 64/1 تا 28/2 درجه سانتی گراد و 92/0- تا 1/1- میلی‌متر تغییر می کند و سبب کاهش عملکرد اغلب محصولات منتخب اراضی پایین‌دست سد طالقان می‌شود. همچنین، مجموع سطح زیرکشت محصولات منتخب 18/2 تا 09/4 درصد، مجموع آب مصرفی 67/1 تا 18/5 درصد و مجموع سود ناخالص کشاورزان 93/1 تا 72/3 درصد کاهش و ارزش اقتصادی آب 27/4 تا 6/13 درصد نسبت به سال پایه افزایش می یابد. در پایان، به منظور کاهش میزان انتشار گازهای گلخانه ای در مجاورت اراضی پایین دست سد طالقان، توصیه می شود که دولت از ابزارهای تنبیهی (عوارض سبز) برای واحدهای آلاینده استفاده نموده و بخش های خصوصی را در اجرای طرح های جنگل داری در مجاورت شهرک‌های صنعتی مشارکت دهد.

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