نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان

چکیده

کمبود پروتئین در جیره‌ی غذایی، موجب سوء تغذیه ‌شده و می‌تواند سلامتی انسان را به خطر بیندازد. گوشت مرغ یکی از مهم‌ترین منابع تأمین پروتئین مورد نیاز انسان بوده و در دهه‌های اخیر، همراه با رشد جمعیت و تغییر الگوی مصرف به سمت مواد پروتئینی حیوانی، صنعت مرغداری نیز مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. کاهش هزینه‌ی تمام ‌شده و همچنین افزایش تولید این منبع تأمین پروتئین، می‌تواند باعث بهبود سطح تغذیه ‌شده و نقش مؤثری در سلامت انسان داشته باشد. این مطالعه، به برآورد کارایی فنی و کارایی مقیاس واحدهای پرورش مرغ گوشتی در استان خوزستان پرداخته است. داده‌های مورد نیاز از طریق نمونه‌گیری تصادفی و با تکمیل پرسشنامه از 105 واحد پرورش مرغ گوشتی در سال 1396 جمع‌آوری گردیده است. تابع تولید مرز تصادفی با استفاده از فرم تابعی ترانسلوگ و با کمک روش حداکثر درستنمایی برآورد و کارایی فنی و کارایی مقیاس واحدهای مورد بررسی محاسبه گردید. نتایج نشان داد که میانگین کشش مقیاس، کارایی مقیاس و کارایی فنی واحدهای مورد مطالعه به ترتیب برابر 12/1، 72/0 و 88/0 بوده و 5/47 درصد واحدها دارای بازدهی صعودی، 5/9 درصد دارای بازدهی ثابت و 43 درصد دارای بازدهی نزولی نسبت به مقیاس هستند. نتایج همچنین نشان داد که واحدهای تولیدی در شهرستان‌های دزفول و بهبهان دارای بالاترین کارایی مقیاس و در شهرستان رامهرمز دارای کمترین کارایی مقیاس می‌باشد. از نظر کارایی فنی نیز بیشترین کارایی فنی متعلق به واحدهای پرورش مرغ گوشتی در شهرستان باغملک و کمترین آن متعلق به شهرستان شادگان می‌باشد. با توجه به نتایج مطالعه، پیشنهاد می‌شود به علاقه‌مندان سرمایه‌گذاری در تولید جوجه‌ی یک روزه تسهیلاتی اعطا گردد تا ضمن افزایش تولید، کیفیت جوجه‌ی تولیدی را نیز بهبود دهند. همچنین با راهنما قرار دادن واحدهای دارای مقیاس بهینه که بیشتر در شهرستان دزفول مستقر هستند، واحدهای پرورش مرغ گوشتی را به سمت مقیاس بهینه هدایت نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Estimating Technical and Scale Efficiency of Broiler Chiken Units in Khuzestan Province

نویسندگان [English]

  • A. Abdeshahi
  • M.R. Ghorbani

Khozestan

چکیده [English]

Introduction: Providing food for people is one of the most important concerns of planners and policymakers in different communities. Protein is among the food needed for humans and lack of it in diet can lead to malnutrition and thus endanger human health. Parallel to population growth and changing consumption patterns towards more protein substances consumption, as well as the relative expensiveness of red meat in recent decades, poultry industry has been considered in Iran and in the world. Chicken meat is one of the most important sources of protein. Thus, reducing the cost as well as increasing its production can improve nutrition level and have an effective role in human health. It is assumed in economy that the producer's goal is to maximize profits. Producers of broiler chicken are no exception to this, and although they may pursue other goals, such as their own employment and their families, they seek to maximize the profits of their assets, like any other producer. Among the most important ways of achieving this goal are the proper use of production inputs as well as optimal scale production, which is used to determine the proximity of a decision maker unit to the optimal scale. Optimal scale refers to the amount of production in which the elasticity of scale equals one, and also there is a constant return to scale in production. Hence, it should be considered that scale efficiency measures average productivity while production takes place in optimal scale. If a firm exceeds the optimal scale, it has a decreasing return to scale, and if it runs at a level lower than the optimal scale, it will have an increasing return to scale. In agricultural economics, scale efficiency is usually nonparametric and is estimated in the framework of data envelopment analysis (DEA). Although many studies have attempted to estimate technical efficiency using parametric and nonparametric methods, scale efficiency is estimated exclusively in the framework of the nonparametric technique of data envelopment analysis. Ray (1998) presented a parametric method in which the scale efficiency is calculated by estimating a production function under the variable returns-to-scale hypothesis and from the estimated scale elasticity. Regarding the technical efficiency and scale efficiency of broiler and laying chicken breeding units, numerous studies have been conducted on the mentioned subject. But all of these studies, particularly in Iran, have used the data envelopment analysis method to measure the scale efficiency. In the present study, the scale efficiency of broiler chicken production units is calculated by parametric method through estimating the stochastic frontier function for the first time in Iran.
Materials and Methods: In this study, the parametric method of estimating the scale efficiency, first presented by Ray (1998), is used to calculate the scale efficiency of broiler chickens breeding units in Khuzestan province. First, the frontier production function introduced by Lovell and Schmidt (1977) and Miocene and Von den Berg (1977) is evaluated after comparing Cobb-Douglas and Translog functional forms in the framework of a translog production function. Initially, the technical efficiency of studied units is estimated by imposing the necessary assumptions and then, the scale elasticity of different production units is estimated and, the scale efficiency is computed through relation provided by Ray (1998).
Results and Discussion: Based on the results, the average age of the owners of the studied production units was 46.5 years, their average experience was 18 years and their average education level was 12 years. The average capacity of the investigated poultry was 21600 pieces, the average breeding period 4 times in each year, and the length of the breeding period was about 48 days. The calculation of the production elasticity showed that broiler chicken producers use labor, food, number of chicks and water inputs in the economic area of the production and medicine, electricity and fuel inputs in the third region of production. The average scale elasticity in the units under study was 1.12, indicating that the broiler chicken producers have an increasing return to scale on average. The average scale efficiency of broiler chicken breeding units was 72% and the average technical efficiency of the producers was 88%, indicating that there was the possibility of increasing technical efficiency up to 12% with existing technology on average. The results also demonstrated that the cities of Dezful and Behbahan with an average of 81% had the highest scale efficiency and the Ramhormoz city with an average efficiency of 60% had the lowest scale efficiency. In terms of technical efficiency, Baghmalek city with an average of 95% had the highest and Shadegan city with an average technical efficiency of 76% had the lowest technical efficiency among the studied cities.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Broiler chicken
  • Khuzestan province
  • Scale efficiency and Technical Efficiency
1- Aboki E., Jongur A.A.U., and Onu J.I. 2013. Productivity and technical efficiency of family poultry production in Kurmi local government area of Taraba state, Nigeria. Journal of Agriculture and Sustainability 4(1): 52-66.
2- Aigner D. ., Lovell C A K., and Schmidt P.J. 1977. Formulation and estimation of stochastic frontier production function model. Journal of Econometrics 6: 21–37.
3- Akerele E.O., Ologbon O.A.C., and Akintayo B.D. 2018. Resources efficiency in small and medium scale poultry (egg) farming in Ogun State. ACTA Scientific Agriculture 2(11): 2-8.
4- Areerat T., Hiroshi K., Kamol Y., and Koh-en N. 2012. Economic efficiency of broiler farms in Thailand: Data Envelopment Analysis approach. British Journal of Economics, Finance and Management Sciences 5(1): 33-43.
5- Bankers R.D. 1984. Estimating the most productive scale size using Data Envelopment Analysis. European Journal of Operational Research 17(1): 35-44.
6- Bauer, P. W., Berger, A.N., Ferrier, G. D. and Humphrey, B. D. 1998. Consistency conditions for regularity analysis of financial institutions: A comparison of frontier efficiency methods. Journal of Economics and Business, 50 (2): 85-114.
7- Dashti Gh., Yavari S., Pishbahar E., and Hayati B. 2011. Effective factors on the broiler firms' technical efficiency of the Sonqor-Kolyaee County. Animal Science Researches 21(3): 83-95.
8- Darijani A., Harvey D., and Yazdani S. 2008. Technical efficiency and factors effecting: DEA approach (A case of livestock slaughterhouses in Tehran province). Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources 15(2): 155-162. (In Persian)
9- Esfahani J., and Khazaee J. 2010. Factors affecting on efficiency of broiler producers in Southern Khorasan. Journal of Agricultural Economics Researches 2(4): 165-180. (In Persian)
10- Forsund F.R. 1996. On the calculation of the scale efficiency in DEA model. Journal of Productive Analysis 7: 283-302.
11- Forsund F.R., and Hjalmarsson L. 1979. Generalized Farrel measures of efficiency: An application to milk processing in Swedish dairy plant. Economic Journal 89: 294-315.
12- Frische R. 1967. Theory of production. American Journal of Agricultural Economics 49(3): 769-770.
13- Gabdo B.H., Mansor M.I., Kamal H.A.W., and Islams A. M. 2017. Regional simulation of bootstrapping efficiency of broiler production on Peninsular Malaysia. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 19(2): 279-291.
14- Jatto N.A., Maikasuwa M.A., Jabo M.S.M., and Gunu U.I. 2012. Assessing the technical efficiency of poultry producers in Ilorin, Kwara state: A data envelope analysis approach. European Scientific Journal 8(27): 110-117.
15- Madau F.A. 2010. Parametric estimation of technical and scale efficiencies in Italian citrus farming. Available at http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/26818/.
16- Meeusen W., and van den Broeck J. 1977. Efficiency estimation from Cobb-Douglas production functions with composed erro. International Economic Review 18: 435–444.
17- Mojarrad E., Kahkha A.A., and Sabuhi Sabuni M. 2009. Evaluating technical efficiency of aviculture units by stochastic nonparametric approach in the Sistan zone. Agricultural Economics 3(3): 91-106. (In Persian)
18- Nozari N., Ghaderi H., and Mirzaei K. 2013. A survey on cost structure of broiler farms: Case study of Sanandaj and Kamyaran cities, Iran. Animal Science and Research Journal 13: 83-98. (In Persian)
19- Pantzios C., Rozakis S., and Tzouvelekas V. 2002. Assesing The perspevtives of Eu cotton farming: Technical and scale efficiency of Greek cotton growers. The Xth EAAE Congress ‘Exploring Diversity in the European Agri-Food System’, Zaragoza (Spain), 28-31 August.
20- Payandeh Z., Khair Alipour K., and Karimi M. 2016. Investigating the efficiency of broiler producer Units by using DEA: The case study of Isfahan. Iranian Journal of Biosystem Engineering 47(3): 577-585. (In Persian)
21- Rabiee F., Yazdani A.H., and Rafiee H. 2010. Investigating technical and scale efficiency of broiler producers: A case study of Gonbade-e-Kavoss. The Second National Seminar on Food Security, 19-20 October, Islamic Azad University of Savadkooh. (In Persian)
22- Ray S. 1998. Measuring and explaining scale efficiency from a translog production function. Journal of Productivity Analysis 11: 183-194.
23- Rezaee A., and Esmaiilzadeh A. 2018. Application of DEA teqnique to evaluate energy efficiency of broiler production farmers (Case study of Maku free zoone). Animal Science Journal 117:27-40.
24- Sadrnia H., Khojastehpour M., Aghel H., and Saiedi Rash Olya A. 2017. Analysis of different inputs share and determination of energy indices in broiler production in Mashhad city. Journal of Agricultural Machinary 7(1): 285-297.
25- Salamat A., Shahid A., and Bakhtawar R. 2014. Estimation of technical efficiency of open shed broiler farmers in Punjab, Pakistan: A stochastic frontier analysis. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development 5(7): 79-88. (In Persian)
26- Seth E. 2014. Cost efficiency and economic of scale in broiler production in Ghana: A case study of the Ashanti region, A Thesis Submitted to the Department of Agricultural Economics, Agribusiness and Extension. Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology.
27- Statistical Centre of Iran. 2016. The results of a survey of broiler chickens poultry in 1394.Available at https://www.amar.org.ir
28- Tehran Chamber of Commerce, Industries, Mines and Agriculture. 2013. Investigating situation of production and consumption of red meat in Iran. Economic Research Deputy, Centres for Statistics Collection.
29- Torkamani J., and Shirvanian A.R. 2003. An economic analysis of production and food ration for broilers: Case study, Fars province. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 34(2): 389-400. (In Persian)
30- Wongnaa C.A., and Awunyo-Vitor D. 2017. Scale efficiency of Maize farmers in four agro ecological zones of Ghana: A parametric approach. Journal of Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences 18(3):275-287.
CAPTCHA Image