ارزیابی رقابت افقی و عمودی در سنجش ساختار بازار: مطالعه موردی بازار محصولات لبنی در ایران

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه شیراز

2 گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی دانشگاه تهران

3 دانشگاه هرمزگان

چکیده

در مطالعات ساختار بازار عمدتاً ساختار افقی برای یک محصول مورد ارزیابی قرار می­گیرد. در حالی‌که رفتار غیررقابتی در بازار لزوماً در ارتباط با رفتار افقی نیست و ساختار افقی تنها بخشی از قدرت بازاری را نشان می‌دهد. در حقیقت آنچه که به عنوان قدرت بازاری از آن یاد می‌شود حاصل مجموع رقابت­های افقی و عمودی در سطوح مختلف بازار است. بنابراین هدف از این مطالعه بررسی ساختار افقی و عمودی در بازار فراوده­های لبنی شامل شیر، ماست و پنیر پاستوریزه با استفاده از شاخص لرنر و الگوی چانه‌زنی انحصار دو جانبه است. برای این منظور داده­های مورد نیاز در دوره زمانی 1370 تا 1391 به کار گرفته شد و نتایج نشان داد که ساختار افقی بازار این سه محصول از حالت رقابتی فاصله داشته و تولیدکنندگان قادر هستند قیمت این محصولات را بالاتر از هزینه نهایی تولید قرار دهند. همچنین نتایج الگوی چانه­زنی نشان دهنده قدرت چانه­زنی بالاتر فراوری کنندگان در شکل‌گیری قیمت این محصولات است به نحوی‌که بطور متوسط تقریب به 70 درصد از منافع ناشی از مبادله فرآورده‌های لبنی متعلق به فرآوری‌کنندگان و 30 درصد از آن سهم مصرف‌کنندگان است. در این راستا، تشکیل سازمان‌های مستقل دولتی و یا غیردولتی در حمایت از مصرف‌کنندگان و مطالعه راهکارهای مناسب برای عملیاتی کردن قوانین موجود در حمایت از مصرف‌کنندگان پیشنهاد می­شود.

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